NCLE Exam Prep Questions With Correct Answers

optic zone - Answer the central portion of a contact lens which contains the refractive power and generally corresponds to the central corneal cap posterior apecal radius - Answer this term is generally used in reference to spin-cast soft lenses. the curvature of the posterior surface of the lens changes with the refractive power. the radius of curvature is measured at the apex of the posterior surface. steeper base curve - Answer occurs when the posterior radius of curvature is decreased (i.e. 8.4 to 8.1 mm) flatter base curve - Answer occurs when the posterior radius of curvature is increased (i.e.8.1 to 8.4 mm) bicurve lens - Answer a contact lens which contains two curves: one base curve and one secondary curve. it is usually small 7.5 to 8.8 mm on diameter, relatively steep and made with narrow peripheral curves about 0.2 mm. lenses are usually intrapalpebral lenses, designed to fit within the palpebral fissure limits. tricurve lens - Answer a contact lens which contains three curves: a base curve, an outer peripheral posterior curve (PPC), and an intermediate posterior curve (IPC). lenses are generally larger, 9.5 mm or greater. multicurve lens - Answer contains a base curve and three or more peripheral curves. usually a larger lens. junctional zone - Answer the junction of two curves blending - Answer the smoothing of a junctional zone by removing the sharp line between the zones lens diameter or chord diameter - Answer the width of a lens or the measurement from one edge of the lens to the opposite edge curve widths - Answer the width of the CPC, PPC, or IPC central thickness - Answer separation between the anterior and posterior surface at the geometric center of the lens. minus lenses are thinner, plus lenses are thicker ballasted lens - Answer lens with a heavier base which becomes oriented inferiorly or downward when the lens is worn prism ballated lens - Answer a ballasted lens which utilizes a prism wedge designed to weight the lens truncated lens - Answer a lens which has been cut off, usually 0.5-1.5 mm along its lower edge, to form a horizontal base. double ________ along the top and bottom portion of the lens is sometimes done to help improve stabilization back surface power - Answer effective power of a lens when measured from the back surface wetting angle - Answer the angle that the edge of a bead of water makes with the surface of the plastic, the smaller the angle the greater the wetting ability toric lenses or toroid lenses - Answer lenses with different radii of curvature in each meridian which are used to correct astigmatism principal meridians - Answer the meridians of shortest and longest radii which differ by 90 degrees front surface toric lens - Answer a lens in which the anterior surface has two different radii and the posterior surface is spherical back surface toric lens - Answer a lens in which the posterior surface has two different radii and the anterior surface is spherical bitoric lens - Answer a lens in which both the posterior and anterior surfaces contain two different radii lenticular bowl - Answer a lens design generally used in higher plus power which consists of a central optic zone and a surrounding non-optic peripheral or "carrier" portion spin-cast soft lens - Answer a mentioned of manufacturing soft contact lenses whereby a liquid material is revolved in a mold at a controlled speed and temperature which produces the desired curvature, design, and power acuity - Answer clearness; visual ________ is measured by the smallest object that can be seen at a certain distance adnexa oculi - Answer accessory structures of the eye, such as the lacrimal appatatus and the eyelids albinism - Answer heredetary loss of pigment in the eye, skin, hair, usually associated with lowered visual acuity, nystagmus and light sensitivity amblyopia - Answer loss of vision without any apparent disease of the eye ametropia - Answer a refractive error in which the eye, when in a state of rest, does not focus the image of an object upon the retina; includes hyperopia, myopia, and astigmatism. see also refractive error aniridia - Answer congenital absence of the iris aniseikonia - Answer a condition in which the ocular image of an object as seen by one eye differs so much in size or shape from that seen by the other eye that the two images cannot be focused into a single impression aniscoria - Answer inequality of the pupils in diameter anomaly - Answer departure from the normal anophthalmia - Answer absence of a true eyeball anterior chamber - Answer space in front of the eye, bounded in front by the cornea and behind by the iris; filled with aqueous humor antibody - Answer a specific substance produced by the body in the presence of an antigen antigen - Answer any substance that acts against the action of histamine antihistamine - Answer a substance that acts against the action of histamine aphakia - Answer absence of the crystalline lens of the eye aqueous humor - Answer clear, watery fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers within the front part of the eye arcus senilus - Answer grayish white ring in the periphery of the cornea asthenopia - Answer eye fatigue caused by tiring of the internal and/or external muscles astigmatism - Answer a refractive error that prevents the light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina because of different degrees of refraction in the various meridians of the eye against the rule astigmatism - Answer condition in which the steepest corneal meridian is in the horizontal plane. an example of keratometer readings for a patient exhibiting_______________ would be: K's 45.00 @ 180/042.00 @ 90 lenticular astigmatism - Answer astigmatism that is found in the crystallilne lens oblique astigmatism - Answer regular astigmatism in which the principal meridians are other than 90 and 180 residual astigmatism - Answer astigmatism remaining after the corneal astigmatism has been neutralized with the rule astigmatism - Answer condition in which the steepest corneal meridian is in the vertical plane. as example of keratometer readings for a patient exhibiting with the rule astigmatism would be: k's 42.00 @ 180/45.00 @90 atrophy - Answer wasting or decreasing of a tissue due to faulty nutrition or loss of nerve supply hydrogel - Answer soft contact lenses are also known as: silicone hydrogel - Answer what soft lens material provides greater oxygen permeability without increasing the water content of the lens? flexible wear - Answer extended wear lens that is worn on a daily wear basis BVP back vertex power - Answer when neutralizing a lens in back vertex power,the concave or posterior side of the lens is placed against the aperture of the lensometer. beweding (cornea) - Answer an edematous condition of the epithelium of the cornea characterized by irregular reflecting from a multitude of droplets when the cornea is viewed with the slit lamp biconcave lens - Answer lens having a concave surface on both faces. biconvex lens - Answer lens having a convex surface on both faces. binocular vision - Answer ability to use the two eyes simultaneously to focus on the same interpretation of its solidity and its position in space. blepharitis - Answer inflammation of the margins of the eyelids. blepharoconjuctivitis - Answer inflammation of the eyelid and conjunctiva. blepharoplasty - Answer plastic surgery of the eyelid. blepharoptisis - Answer drooping of the eyelid blepharospasm - Answer excessive winking; tonic or clonic spasm of the orbicularis oculi muscle blindness - Answer in the US, usually defined as central visual acuity of 20/200 or less in the better eye after correction, or visual acuity or more than 20/200 if there is a field defect in which the widest diameter of the visual field subtends an angle distance no greater than 20 degrees (some states include up to 30 degress) bulbar - Answer pertaining to the globe buphthalmos - Answer enlargement of the eyeball, resulting usually from congenital (infantile) glaucoma. C,CC (cum correction) - Answer "with correction" or wearing prescribed lenses canaliculus - Answer passageway for drainage of tears from eyes to tear sac canthus - Answer the angle at either end of the slit between the eyelids; specified as outer (temporal) and inner (nasal) cataract - Answer a condition in which the crystalline lens of the eye, or its capsule, or both,become opaque with consequent loss of visual acuity central visual acuity - Answer ability of the eye to perceive in the direct line of vision chalazion - Answer inflammatory enlargement of a meibomian gland in the eyelid. chamber, anterior-see anterior chamber chemosis - Answer severe edema of the conjunctiva choriorentinitis - Answer inflammation of the choroids and retina choroid - Answer vascular, intermediate coat that furnishes nourishment to the other parts of the eyeball choroiditis - Answer inflammation of the choroid ciliary body - Answer portion of the vascular coat between the iris and the choroid; consists of the ciliary processes and the ciliary muscle coloboma - Answer congenial cleft due to the failure of the eye to complete growth in the part affected color deficiancy - Answer diminished ability to perceive difference in color. this is usually true for reds and greens, rarely for blues and yellows colors, complementary - Answer two colors that, when mixed produce white primary colors - Answer yellow, red. and blue. the set of colors from which all other color sensations can be produced concave lens - Answer a lens having the power to diverge rays of light; also known as diverging, reducing, negative, myopic, or minus lens. theses lenses are denoted by the "-" sign cones and rods cones are concerned with visual acuity and color discrimination; rods are employed for motion and vision at low degrees of illumination, night vision - Answer two kinds of cells that form a layer of the retina and act as light-receiving media. conjunctiva - Answer mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the front part of the eyeball conjunctivitis - Answer inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the eyelid and/or eyeball convergence - Answer process of directing the visual axes of the eyes to a near point, with the result that the pupils of the two eyes are closer together. convex lens - Answer a lens having the power to converge rays of light and to bring them to a focus; also known as converging, hyperopic, or plus lens. these lenses are denoted by the "+" sign cornea - Answer clear, transparent portion of the outer coat of the eyeball. the cornea is responsible for the majority of the eye's refractive ability crystalline lens - Answer a transparent, colorless body suspended in the front part of the eyeball, between the aqueous ans the vitreous, the function of which is to bring the rays of light to a focus on the retina cyclitis - Answer inflammation of the ciliary body cycloplegic - Answer agent that paralyzes the ciliary muscle and the powers of accommodation; commonly used in pediatric eye examinations. dilates pupil; often used to ascertain the error of refraction cylindrical lens - Answer a segment of a cylinder, the refractive power of which varies in different meridians; used in the correction of astigmatism cyst - Answer sac containing fluid dacryocystitis - Answer inflammation of the lacrimal sac dark adaptation - Answer ability of the retina and pupil to adjust to a dim light degeneration - Answer the deterioration of an organ or tissue resulting in diminishing vitality, either by chemical change or by infiltration of abnormal matter dellen - Answer a depressed area on the cornea which shows stain due to lack of wetting from the pre-corneal tear film. it is generally found adjacent to an elevated area Dendritic keratitis - Answer viral infection of the cornea usually associated with the herpes simplex virus and characterized by branching ulceration of the corneal tissue depth perception - Answer the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance. aka stereoscope vision detached retina - Answer separation of the retina from the choroid in back of the eye diopter - Answer the unit of measurement of a lens' refractive power diplopia - Answer the perception of two images of a single object distortion - Answer abberation of rays of light districhiasis - Answer condition in which multiple cilia (lashes) emerge from one meibomian gland orifice dyslexia - Answer difficulty in reading, in recognition or letters or interpretation, in spite of good vision in the eye dystrophy - Answer abnormal or defective development; degeneration ectropion - Answer an eversion to turning outward of the eyelid condition where the lower lid everts emmetropia - Answer the normal relationship between the refractive power of the eye and the shape of the eye that enables light rays to focus correctly on the retina entropion - Answer inward turning of the rim of the eyelid encleation - Answer surgical removal of the eyeball epiphora - Answer abnormal overflow of tears caused by blockage of the lacrimal duct esophoria - Answer Tendency of the eye to turn inward. estropia - Answer manifest turning inward of the eye (convergent strabismus of crossed eye) exophoria - Answer tendency of the eyes to deviate outward exophthalmos - Answer abnormal protrusion of the eyeball exotropia - Answer abnormal turning outward of one or both eyes; also called divergent strabismus Farsightedness - Answer hyperopia fissure - Answer elliptic space between the eyelids flare (aqueous) - Answer tyndall effect, or the scattering of light in a beam into the anterior chamber occurring as a result of increased protein content of the aqueous humor. it is a sign of severe inflammation of the iris and/or ciliary body floaters - Answer small particles consisting of cells or fibrin which move in the vitreous fluorscein - Answer the dye that stains tears and area of epithelial damage a yellowish green. used in conjunction with a blue cobalt and yellow Wratten filter, it can be used to assess the lens to cornea fitting relationship of gas permeable lenses. focus - Answer the point to which rays converge after passing through a lens fornix - Answer a loose fold of the conjunctiva, occurring where that part of the conjunctiva covering the eyeball meets the conjunctiva lining the eyelid. where the bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva meet is called the fovea - Answer small depression in the retina and the back of the eye, part of the macula adapted for most acute vision. Front vertex power (FVP) - Answer when neutralizing a lens in front vertex power, the convex or front surface of the lens is placed against the aperture of the lensometer Fuch's dystrophy - Answer edema in the stroma associated with scarring on both the endotheium and epithelium fundus - Answer interior surface of the eyeball, including the retina, optic disk, macula, and posterior pole (curvature at the back of the eye) can be seen with an ophthalmoscope fusion - Answer a power of coordination by which the images received by the two eyes become a single image ghost vessels - Answer empty vessels remaining after corneal invasion by blood vessels herpers simplex - Answer inflammatory condition of the iris or conjunctiva due to the herpes simplex virus heterotropia - Answer an obvious or manifest deviation of visual axis of an eye out of alignment with the other eye. synonyms are "cross-eye" and "strabismus" hordeolum - Answer stye hydrogel lens - Answer a soft lens that has an affinity to absorb and bind water into its molecular structure hydrophilic - Answer refers to the property of a material that has an affinity for water. Hyperopia (farsightedness) - Answer a refractive error in which light rays entering the eye are focused behind the retina. because of this, accommodation to increase the refractive power of the lens is necessary for distance vision as well as near vision hyperphoria - Answer tendency of one eye to deviate upward, controllable by fixational efforts hypertropia - Answer deviation upward of one of the eyes; not controllable by fixational efforts hyphema - Answer pooling of blood on the anterior chamber of the eye iritis - Answer inflammation of the iris; the condition is marked by pain, inflammation, discomfort from light, contraction of pupil and distortion of the iris. it may be caused by injury, syphilis, rheumatism, gonorrhea, tuberculosis or systemic disease Jaeger's chart - Answer a test for near vision in which lines of reading matter are printed in a series of sizes of type keratectomy - Answer Removal of a portion of the cornea keratitis - Answer inflammation of the cornea; frequently classified as to type of inflammation and layer of cornea affected for example, interstitial keratitis and phlyctenular keratitis keratitis sicca - Answer dryness of the cornea Keratoconus - Answer a non-inflammatory corneal dystrophy in which the cornea becomes curved or conical in shape keratopathy - Answer a non-inflammatory disease of the cornea Keratopasty - Answer corneal transplant operation lacrimal gland - Answer a gland that produces tears; it lies in the upper outer angle of the orbit lacrimation - Answer production of tears lagophthalmos - Answer a condition in which the lids do not completely close Lamellar Keratoplasty - Answer operation in which only the diseased outer layers of the cornea are removed and the healthy donor cornea is sutured as a replacement