PATHOLOGY FINAL STUDY GUIDE 2022

1. A 56-year-old patient arrives to the ER with extreme shortness of breath. Upon observation, you note that the patient has an increased AP chest diameter, using accessory muscles and pursed-lips to breathe. The following ABG results are available. Based on this data, what treatment would you recommend? pH 7.28 PaCO2 97 mmHg HCO3 37 mmHg PaO2 40 mmHg A. Recommend administration of 50% FiO2 via venturi mask and monitor closely B. Administer K+ and Cl- solutions via an IV C. Recommend initiation of BiPAP ventilation and 40% FiO2 D. Recommend intubation and mechanical ventilation with 100% FiO2 2. A 74-year-old man with a long history of emphysema and chronic bronchitis enters the ER in respiratory distress. His RR is 34/minute and labored. His HR is 115/minute and BP is 170/120. What is the clinical interpretation of the following ABG (in addition to hypoxemia)? pH 7.51 PaCO2 68 mmHg PaO2 49 mmHg HCO3- 53 mEq/L A. Acute alveolar hyperventilation B. Acute ventilatory failure C. Acute alveolar hyperventilation superimposed on chronic ventilatory failure D. Acute ventilatory failure superimposed on chronic ventilatory failure 3. A 74-year-old patient with a long history of COPD enters the ER in respiratory distress. His respiratory rate is 34/min and labored. His heart rate is 115/min and temperature is 101.9 degrees F. His ABG values are as follows: