Preventive Health Care Exam 1 2023(A+)

Differences between Preventive medicine and Curative medicine - -consists of measures taken for disease prevention -not complete opposites, they share some characteristics -Gov. doesn't invest in preventative medicine as much as curative because the results are too long term 4 Disease & Health factors - -Environmental factors (air pollution, water, natural disasters, cultural beliefs) -Genetic predisposition (Sickle cell disease, cancer) -Disease agents (bacteria, viruses) -Lifestyles choices (Diet, exercise, sexual life, sleeping habits, smoking) top 10 leading causes of death - Heart disease Cancer * Chronic lower respiratory disease Accidents Stroke Alzheimer's disease Diabetes * Influenza and pneumonia Kidney disease Suicide deaths due to preventable reasons - about 50% of all deaths in the United States are due to preventable behaviors and exposures methods for prevention of disease - -regular check-ups -healthy and balanced lifestyle -stay up to date with immunizations levels of prevention - -Primary -Secondary -Tertiary Gateway to Health communication - most Americans underuse preventive services The key to improving America's health and decreasing health costs is Preventive Healthcare Prevention is better and cheaper than Cure Method of integrating Evidence based medicine - individual clinical expertise with the best available evidence from systematic research and patient's values and expectations -this is the central role in determining whether to use intervation Evidence Based Medicine - Conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current, best evidence to make decision about individual patient care Evidence based clinical practice - Approach to decision making where clinician uses best evidence available, in consultation with patient, to decide upon management that suits patient best -can be used interchangeably with EBM but the field is more broad when it comes to clinical practice Stages of EBM - 1. Formulate clinical question (PICOS) 2. Efficiently track down best available evidence 3. Critically review validity and usefulness of evidence 4. Implement changes in clinical practice 5. Evaluate performance PICOS - Patient's problem Intervention Comparison Outcome Study desgin 5 A's - -Assess the patient/Ask the question -Acquire -Appraise -Apply -Analysis Validity - how close the result is to the true value Reliability - how many results end the same, show up repeatedly Terms that are used synonymously - -validity and accurate -precision and reliability Barriers to EBM - -Cost -Time -It's new -Perception of patient -skills and knowledge required to asses the evidence