A researcher wishes to improve the internal validity of her correlational/cross-sectional findings. Which
procedure should she use?
a. Use of samples which are homogeneous on specific values of confounding
variables.
2 statements
i. In an experiment design pre-test effects may lower internal validity
ii. In longitudinal design selective dropout lowers external validity
Both true
Controlling selection effects in an experiment can be achieved through which of the following:
Use of multiple post tests
Randomization in case of large samples
Random sampling
Both A and B
Statistics teacher measures student attitudes towards statistics one month before he starts with his
lecture series. One month after the lecture he measures the student attitude for the 2 nd time. Which type
of design he uses?
Classic experiment
Prospective panel design
Retrospective panel design
Rotating panel design
A researcher wants to develop a questionnaire in order to measure people’s knowledge about the work of
Greenpeace. He first develops a preliminary set of multiple choice questions and then shows his
questions to a Greenpeace representative and to an official from the government who is an expert on the
work of NGO’s. These two experts tell him which of his questions are good in order to measure people’s
knowledge about Greenpeace. Based on their feedback, he makes a final set of questions for his
instrument. Which type of validity is improved by using the procedure above?
Content validity
Criterion validity
Construct validity
None of the above
Your friend emails you that she ate a piece of fruit on her holiday to Zanzibar that she never tasted
before. You wonder about the taste of this unknown fruit, but because fruit in general is sweet, you
assume that this particular piece of Zanzibar fruit must be sweet as well. This type of reasoning is called:
Parallel
Induction
Deduction
Causal
The Dutch government wishes to implement a new legislation that prohibits the use of smartphones
while taking part in traffic. The Dutch government asks the Wageningen University to investigate the
causes of traffic accidents. Researchers from the WUR decide to investigate whether smartphone use is
the primary cause of traffic accidents.
At which point in the regulative cycle can the WUR research be best positioned?
Problem identification
Implementation
Design
Diagnosis
procedure should she use?
a. Use of samples which are homogeneous on specific values of confounding
variables.
2 statements
i. In an experiment design pre-test effects may lower internal validity
ii. In longitudinal design selective dropout lowers external validity
Both true
Controlling selection effects in an experiment can be achieved through which of the following:
Use of multiple post tests
Randomization in case of large samples
Random sampling
Both A and B
Statistics teacher measures student attitudes towards statistics one month before he starts with his
lecture series. One month after the lecture he measures the student attitude for the 2 nd time. Which type
of design he uses?
Classic experiment
Prospective panel design
Retrospective panel design
Rotating panel design
A researcher wants to develop a questionnaire in order to measure people’s knowledge about the work of
Greenpeace. He first develops a preliminary set of multiple choice questions and then shows his
questions to a Greenpeace representative and to an official from the government who is an expert on the
work of NGO’s. These two experts tell him which of his questions are good in order to measure people’s
knowledge about Greenpeace. Based on their feedback, he makes a final set of questions for his
instrument. Which type of validity is improved by using the procedure above?
Content validity
Criterion validity
Construct validity
None of the above
Your friend emails you that she ate a piece of fruit on her holiday to Zanzibar that she never tasted
before. You wonder about the taste of this unknown fruit, but because fruit in general is sweet, you
assume that this particular piece of Zanzibar fruit must be sweet as well. This type of reasoning is called:
Parallel
Induction
Deduction
Causal
The Dutch government wishes to implement a new legislation that prohibits the use of smartphones
while taking part in traffic. The Dutch government asks the Wageningen University to investigate the
causes of traffic accidents. Researchers from the WUR decide to investigate whether smartphone use is
the primary cause of traffic accidents.
At which point in the regulative cycle can the WUR research be best positioned?
Problem identification
Implementation
Design
Diagnosis
