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Fractures study guide


Medical Surgical Nursing II (Fitchburg State University)




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Fractures

1. Fractures
● Majority of fractures are from traumatic injuries
● Some fractures are secondary to disease process

2. Classification of fractures
● Open or closed
○ Open is when skin is broken and tissue and bone is
exposed
○ Closed is when skin is intact

3. Classifications of fractures
● Green stick
○ Incomplete break
● Simple
○ “Hairline”
● Compound
○ Numerous pieces
● Transverse
○ Bone broken in right angle
● Spiral
○ Bone is twisted
○ Suspect abuse
● Oblique
○ Can see bone
● Pathological
○ Cancer
○ Osteoporosis

4. Clinical manifestations
● Fracture may not be accompanied by obvious bone deformity
● Unnecessary movement
● Decreased function

5. Fracture healing
● Fracture hematoma: initial 72 hours
● Granulation tissue: 3 to 14 days post injury
● Callus formation: end of second week
● Consolidation




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