IB Biology Unit 3: Proteins, Enzymes, and Nucleic Acids

What is the monomer of proteins? - Amino Acids What is the polymer of proteins? - polypeptides How are amino acids held together? - peptide bonds What are the two ends of a protein called? - The N-Terminis (nitrogen side) and the C-Terminis (carbon side) (Think the two ends of a generalized amino acid) At what terminis is the start codon of a polypeptide located? - N-Terminis (contains Met) What is the primary structure of a protein? - The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain What is the secondary structure of a protein? - The formation of alpha helixes and beta folded sheets What is the tertiary structure of a protein? - The bends and folds in a protein caused by the different attractions and bonds of the different amino acids That is the quarternary structure of a protein? - The connection of two or more polypeptide chains to form a protein What are the attractions that form the tertiary structure of a protein? - polar-polar, nonpolar-nonpolar, acidic-basic, cysteine-cysteine (cysteine-disulfide bridge) What type of connection forms between polar-polar amino acids? - hydrogen bonds What type of connection forms between acidic-basic amino acids? - ionic bonds What type of connection forms between cysteine-cysteine amino acids? - covalent bonds What is the strongest, and thus most vital, attraction found in amino acids? - cysteine-cysteine attractions Where are nonpolar amino acids found in a protein? - On the interior of proteins. Where are polar amino acids found in a protein? - On the exterior of proteins. What is the average length of a protein? - 300 amino acids long What is the monomer of nucleic acids? - nucleotides What is a nucleotide made of? - a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose or ribose), and a nitrogenous base What are the two polymers of nucleic acids? - DNA and RNA What are the four nitrogenous bases of DNA? - Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine What are the four nitrogenous bases of RNA? - Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine How do you translate DNA to RNA? - Coding strand -> Non-Coding Strand -> mRNA, A -> U and G -> C What is metabolisim? - the sum of the chemical reactions by which cells produce the materials and utilize the energy necessary to sustain life, a property of life that arises from interactions between molecules within the cell