,Name: Class: Date:
Chap 01_5e
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Which perspective on crime and criminal justice is exemplified by the belief that providing correctional
treatment to offenders can stop crime?
a. the Liberal School
b. the Marxist School
c. the Classical School
d. the Reintegration School
2. In what year was the first house of correction opened in England?
a. 1437
b. 1557
c. 1627
d. 1717
3. Which terms best categorize the three competing perspectives on crime and criminal offenders, and on the
objectives of corrections?
a. conservative, liberal, or radical
b. theological, emotional, or spiritual
c. biological, medical, or psychological
d. social, economic, or geographical
4. What leading reformer of English criminal law during the 1800s suggested that offenders engaged in hedonistic
calculus?
a. Voltaire
b. Montesquieu
c. Cesare Beccaria
d. Jeremy Bentham
5. What perspective on crime forms the basis of the beliefs that society lacks discipline and is in a state of social
disorder, that traditional institutions and values have broken down, and that a lenient criminal justice system has
led to a view that “crime pays”?
a. the moral perspective
b. the conservative perspective
c. the liberal perspective
d. the radical perspective
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chap 01_5e
6. Which term is defined as corrections policies that are formulated in pursuit of political objectives, often in the
absence of an informed public or in spite of public opinion, and are centred on being “tough on crime”?
a. penal populism
b. positivist penality
c. punitive penology
d. philosophical punishment
7. Which of the following best defines John Howard’s reformation efforts during the 1700s?
a. hard labour, more prayer, and religious reflection
b. silence and meditation on one’s crimes and personal life actions
c. better trained staff and improved facilities and amendments for the prisoners
d. “earned release” for prisoners who behave and work hard, and other benefits for model prisoners.
8. In which century did the Catholic Church start operating ecclesiastical prisons?
a. 6th century
b. 7th century
c. 8th century
d. 9th century
9. Which of the following is a defining characteristic of “corrections”?
a. the structures, policies, and programs delivered by governments to sanction, punish, treat, and supervise
offenders
b. the structures, buildings, and institutions that hold offenders for both federal and provincial offences
c. the action of processing an accused from the time of arrest to the time of incarceration
d. the action of modifying a behaviour for the betterment of society
10. In 1703, an offender was convicted of committing a criminal offence in England and was sent to America as
punishment. Which correctional strategy was the offender subjected to?
a. exile
b. deportation
c. repatriation
d. transportation
11. Which statement best describes “hedonistic calculus”?
a. The costs of crime need to outweigh any benefits.
b. Officials can calculate the likelihood that a prisoner will reoffend.
c. Prisoners seek pleasure in their imprisonment at any cost.
d. Time will be calculated off a prisoner’s sentence for good behaviour.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
, Name: Class: Date:
Chap 01_5e
12. What perspective on crime supports the primary goal of deterrence, NOT revenge; the idea that to be
effective, punishment must be certain and must fit the crime; the view that people can be dissuaded from
committing a crime by the spectre of certain, swift, and measured consequences; and the perspective of recent
“tough on crime” approaches that involve mandatory minimum sentences and mass incarceration to reduce
crime rates?
a. the Rational School
b. the Classical School
c. the Punitive School
d. the Critical School
13. What perspective on crime forms the basis of the beliefs that the system is inherently inhumane, that crime is a
result of the way society is structured, that any attempt to reduce crime must focus on the system rather than
on individual offenders, and that the criminal justice system is used to repress the lower classes?
a. the moral perspective
b. the conservative perspective
c. the liberal perspective
d. the radical perspective
14. Which four principal justifications for punishing criminal offenders apply to our present-day view of
punishment?
a. retribution, discipline, corporal punishment, and silent meditation
b. retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation/reintegration
c. psychological assessment, treatment, medical intervention, and electric shock therapy
d. minimal intervention, cooperative treatment, more freedom, and autonomy
15. Which was a shared belief of Cesare Lombroso, Enrico Ferri, and Raffaele Garofalo?
a. The consequences of crime should be certain, swift, and measured.
b. The primary goal of criminal justice is deterrence.
c. Offenders are influenced by external societal factors.
d. The scientific method should be used to study criminal behaviour.
16. Which perspective on crime and criminal justice is exemplified by the belief that crime is a result of poverty,
racism, and other social injustices?
a. the Radical School
b. the Marxist School
c. the Classical School
d. the Positivist School
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
Chap 01_5e
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Which perspective on crime and criminal justice is exemplified by the belief that providing correctional
treatment to offenders can stop crime?
a. the Liberal School
b. the Marxist School
c. the Classical School
d. the Reintegration School
2. In what year was the first house of correction opened in England?
a. 1437
b. 1557
c. 1627
d. 1717
3. Which terms best categorize the three competing perspectives on crime and criminal offenders, and on the
objectives of corrections?
a. conservative, liberal, or radical
b. theological, emotional, or spiritual
c. biological, medical, or psychological
d. social, economic, or geographical
4. What leading reformer of English criminal law during the 1800s suggested that offenders engaged in hedonistic
calculus?
a. Voltaire
b. Montesquieu
c. Cesare Beccaria
d. Jeremy Bentham
5. What perspective on crime forms the basis of the beliefs that society lacks discipline and is in a state of social
disorder, that traditional institutions and values have broken down, and that a lenient criminal justice system has
led to a view that “crime pays”?
a. the moral perspective
b. the conservative perspective
c. the liberal perspective
d. the radical perspective
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Chap 01_5e
6. Which term is defined as corrections policies that are formulated in pursuit of political objectives, often in the
absence of an informed public or in spite of public opinion, and are centred on being “tough on crime”?
a. penal populism
b. positivist penality
c. punitive penology
d. philosophical punishment
7. Which of the following best defines John Howard’s reformation efforts during the 1700s?
a. hard labour, more prayer, and religious reflection
b. silence and meditation on one’s crimes and personal life actions
c. better trained staff and improved facilities and amendments for the prisoners
d. “earned release” for prisoners who behave and work hard, and other benefits for model prisoners.
8. In which century did the Catholic Church start operating ecclesiastical prisons?
a. 6th century
b. 7th century
c. 8th century
d. 9th century
9. Which of the following is a defining characteristic of “corrections”?
a. the structures, policies, and programs delivered by governments to sanction, punish, treat, and supervise
offenders
b. the structures, buildings, and institutions that hold offenders for both federal and provincial offences
c. the action of processing an accused from the time of arrest to the time of incarceration
d. the action of modifying a behaviour for the betterment of society
10. In 1703, an offender was convicted of committing a criminal offence in England and was sent to America as
punishment. Which correctional strategy was the offender subjected to?
a. exile
b. deportation
c. repatriation
d. transportation
11. Which statement best describes “hedonistic calculus”?
a. The costs of crime need to outweigh any benefits.
b. Officials can calculate the likelihood that a prisoner will reoffend.
c. Prisoners seek pleasure in their imprisonment at any cost.
d. Time will be calculated off a prisoner’s sentence for good behaviour.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
, Name: Class: Date:
Chap 01_5e
12. What perspective on crime supports the primary goal of deterrence, NOT revenge; the idea that to be
effective, punishment must be certain and must fit the crime; the view that people can be dissuaded from
committing a crime by the spectre of certain, swift, and measured consequences; and the perspective of recent
“tough on crime” approaches that involve mandatory minimum sentences and mass incarceration to reduce
crime rates?
a. the Rational School
b. the Classical School
c. the Punitive School
d. the Critical School
13. What perspective on crime forms the basis of the beliefs that the system is inherently inhumane, that crime is a
result of the way society is structured, that any attempt to reduce crime must focus on the system rather than
on individual offenders, and that the criminal justice system is used to repress the lower classes?
a. the moral perspective
b. the conservative perspective
c. the liberal perspective
d. the radical perspective
14. Which four principal justifications for punishing criminal offenders apply to our present-day view of
punishment?
a. retribution, discipline, corporal punishment, and silent meditation
b. retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation/reintegration
c. psychological assessment, treatment, medical intervention, and electric shock therapy
d. minimal intervention, cooperative treatment, more freedom, and autonomy
15. Which was a shared belief of Cesare Lombroso, Enrico Ferri, and Raffaele Garofalo?
a. The consequences of crime should be certain, swift, and measured.
b. The primary goal of criminal justice is deterrence.
c. Offenders are influenced by external societal factors.
d. The scientific method should be used to study criminal behaviour.
16. Which perspective on crime and criminal justice is exemplified by the belief that crime is a result of poverty,
racism, and other social injustices?
a. the Radical School
b. the Marxist School
c. the Classical School
d. the Positivist School
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
