CPCE 2023/2024. 100% Accurate. Approved. Graded A+ latest update

CPCE 2023/2024. 100% Accurate. Approved. Graded A+ latest update Jacob Moreno - -invented psychodrama first coined the term 'group therapy' in 1931 Bruce Tuckman - -5 stages of group development forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning Carl Rogers - -Developed "client-centered" therapy 3 things needed for client centered therapy - -1) congruence (genuineness or realness), (2) unconditional positive regard (acceptance and caring) (3) accurate empathic understanding (an ability to deeply grasp the subjective world of another person). John Dollard and Neal Miller - -The frustration-aggression theory frustration leads to aggression Albert Elllis - -rational emotive behavior therapy A-B-C model coun identifies irrational thoughts, helps client change them Fritz Perls - -Gastalt therapy; here-and-now; 5 layers of neurosis Eric Bernes - -Transactional analysis; child, adult, parent Super's Life Span Theory - -Growth (0-15): Focus on physical growth, forming the self-concept, and exploring early interests and abilities. • Exploration (15-25): Explore different areas of work, begin to focus on a specific career direction, get specialized training, and begin engaging in work • Establishment (25-45): Settling into a career field, making contributions to the field, and achieving higher levels of responsibility • Maintenance (45-65): Maintaining a job position, updaing skills as needed to stay competitive, and planning for retirement • Disengagement (65+): Gradually separating from work, engaging in other projects such as leisure, time with family, and community activities Trait and Factor Theory - -focused on identifying the characteristics of the individual (i.e., traits) and the environment or job requirements (i.e., factors) job seekers can find a career that closely aligned with their personal characteristics Myers-Briggs Type Theory - -Not originally intended as a career development theory; it is considered a personality theory derived from Jung. 4 dichotomous dimensions shape what individuals pay attention to in the world and how they make decisions. Yields 16 different types. Personality type can be matched with compatible occupation. Vocational Choice Theory - -John L. Holland categorizing careers into six major types and examined the people who chose jobs within each category • Realistic (R) - prefer concrete tasks such as physical or mechanical work including skilled trades and engineering. • Investigative (I) - favor independent and task-oriented work that may be more analytical, intellectual, or abstract, such as science and computer programming careers • Artistic (A) - desire self-expression and imaginative, creative, and introspective work as in a fine arts or writing career • Social (S) - an interest in people and community service, and possess good interpersonal skills like teachers, nurses, and counselors • Enterprising (E) - ambitious and persuasive and they often seek leadership and influential positions in sales or management • Conventional (C) - practical, conservative, and controlled; they like routine and structure such as clerical and accounting work John L. Holland - -vocational choice theory RIASEC - personality types and occupational environments Defense Mechanism - -in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality Denial - -Defense mechanism by which people refuse to accept reality. Repression - -Defense mechanism by which anxiety-provoking thoughts and feelings are forced to the unconscious. Projection - -defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others Displacement - -defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet Sublimation - -This type of defense mechanism is considered a positive strategy. -choose to redirect strong emotions or feelings into an object or activity that is appropriate and safe. Identification - -taking on the characteristics of someone else to avoid feeling incompetent. Reaction Formation - -defense mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites. People may express feelings that are the opposite of their anxiety-arousing unconscious feelings. Rationalization - -defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions Compensation - -a mechanism of adjustment wherein the person tries to disguise the presence of a weak trait by emphasizing the desirable one to cover up his inferiority oral - -Frued Stage 1 age 12 - 18 months sucking = vital to life and pleasurable Anal - -Freud's Stage 2 age 18 months - 3 years control over bodily functions is learned Phallic - -Freud Stage 3 age 3 - 6 realize their gender, love mother, hate father Latency - -Freud stage 4 age 6-12 children's emotional drives and psychosexual needs are quiet (latent). Freud thought that sexual conflicts from earlier stages are only temporarily submerged, bursting forth again at puberty genital - -Freud's Stage 5 age 12- adulthood sexual conflicts from childhood resurface (at puberty) and are often resolved during adolescence). Sensorimotor - -Stage 1 ages 0-2 lack of object permanance uses their movements and senses to understand the world. Preoperational - -Stage 2 ages 2-7, develop reasoning skills. Symbolic play, centration egocentric, irreversiblility and animism. Concrete operational - -Stage 3 ages 7-11 Apply rules to thinking. Reversablility, conservation concentration. Formal Operational - -stage 4 ages 12+ Think about and solve abstract problems, actions have consequences. Object Permanence - -the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived symbolic play - -A type of play in which a child uses one object to substitute for another. centration - -focusing on only one aspect of a situation neglecting other important aspects Egocentrism - -the inability to see the world through anyone else's eyes Animism - -The belief that all things are living Reversibility - -the capacity to think through a series of steps and then mentally reverse direction, returning to the starting point. conservation - -Understanding that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects