NCE/CPCE--Group Counseling and Assessment Questions with accurate answers, 100% Accurate, rated A+

NCE/CPCE--Group Counseling and Assessment Questions with accurate answers, 100% Accurate, rated A+ The term group therapy was coined in 1931 by - -Jacob Moreno, the Father of psychodrama. Formed what might well be the first counnseling/therapy groups from . Groups mainly dealt with TB - -Joseph Pratt First mutual aid, self help support group, founded in 1935 by stock broker Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob Smith in Akron OH. - -AA n - -n Group thrapy initally flourished in US due to a shortage of individual therapist during ____ - -WWII (got popular in 1950s) Most experts would agree that overall structured exercises are ____effective than unstructured - -less According to the risky shift phenomenon, a group decision will _____conservative than the average member's decision prior to group discussion - -less T in t groups stands for - -training Suggests that established members in AA and other 12 step groups somtimes exploit new members for sexual purposes - -13th stepping Most experts in the field of group work would agree that the msot importnat trait for group members is ability to ____ - -trust Notes Threee member roles in a group: task, maintenance, and self serving roles - -notes Interpersonal leaders favor here and now Intrapersonal favor the past Many group studies in research have not been well controlled, so there are split ideas about what's best If you have a group of very immature participants, the then ____leadership style is recommened. Here the leader tells members what to do and doesn't emphasize relationships among members - -Situational leadership style A situation in which there is a discrepancy between the way a member is expected to behave and the way he actually behaves is called )_____ Also definition: occurs when members experience conflicting demands of various roles, such as when a member who prefers to avoid emotional expression is encouraged to self-disclose reactions to emotionally laden group content and process—that is, the roles a member plays come into conflict with each other. - -role conflict Group therapist is making a diagram to understand the dynmaics between subgroups and members better. This is called charting a ____ - -pictorial sociogram When a group leader allows each memmber to weigh in on a given topic, it's called ____ - -making the rounds n - -n Experts predict that in the future group leaders will be more like ____ - -life skills trainers In terms of research and the group leader's personality qualities such as flexibility, enthusiasm, and common sense may be helpful to a _____ degree - -small A group leader who wishes to assess the impact of the group ideally would have an _____ - -Outside observer...who would sit in during group sessions and consequently rate the level of behavioral change n - -n studied group dynamics and has been credited with the invention of training groups (or T-groups), which gave rise to the encounter and sensitivity groups of the 1960s and 1970s. His research resulted in the identification of predictable stages of group work and specific change markers for individual clients. - -Kurt Lewin During 1960s and 1970s, members met together for extended periods of time, usually between 24 and 48 hours in this group type, throughout which members were expected to become more authentic and engage in true self-disclosure. - -Marathon group occurs when the group provides an example of social reality that is not achievable in the outside world. - -Reality distortion element, generally created by the group leader or relationships with other members, that improves a member's overall condition.. - -Therapeutic or curative factor. Yalom came up with: Instillation of hope universality imparting of info altruism family reenactment Development of socialization tecnniques imitative behavior interpersonal learning group coheisiveness catharsis existnential factors Notes The American Group Psychotherapy Association (AGPA) is an interdisciplinary organization promoting research and practice in group psychotherapy for individuals with mental disorders. • The American Society of Group Psychotherapy and Psychodrama (ASGPP) was founded by J. L. Moreno and promotes standards in training, research, and practice in psychodrama, sociometry, and group psychotherapy. • The National Training Laboratory (NTL) uses Lewin's approach to organizational leadership and change. The NTL offers certificate programs for business professionals and a master's degree in organizational development. - -notes Importantly, if co-leaders are used, group membership usually can be increased by about 50% to 75%. It is not unusual for counseling groups to be planned to run between 8 and 30 sessions. On the other hand, psychotherapy groups frequently run for a minimum of 15 sessions and up to several years. Quadrant 1 (public/open like sex or clothing) Quadrant 2: Private, hidden (dear of failure, inadequacy) Quadrant 3: Blind (facial expressions) Quadrant 4: Unknown/unconcious (family of origin issues) Known to self Unknown to self Known to others Unknown to others - -Johari Window n - -n Group stage: it is a time of testing boundaries and power structures that can range from subtle testing to full-blown rebellion and conflict. - -Transition stage n - -n assesses how members are different because of the group work. - -Outcome evaluation AKA results evaluation The process of assessing or estimating attributes - -Appraisel The ______indicates the percentage of individuals who answered each item correctly - -difficulty A .5 difficutly means that 50% got it correct. Short answer tests and projective measures utilize free response items. The NCE and the CPCE uses forced choice or so-called _______ items. - -recognition ____measures copaire traits within the same indiviudal; the ydon't compare a person to other people who took the test - -Ipsative - yields within person analysis (Normative format has each item independent of all other items) A ____test is designed to evauluate the level of pastery without a time limit - -power Speed tests are set up so no one can finish them; you just see how fast you can do it. ____tests measure max performance or present level of ksill. - -achievement Tests of this nature are also called atainment tests In a ____test, the items get progressively more difficult - -Spiral In a ___test, you have several selections which are spiral in nature - -Cyclical Notes: A vertical tests have versions for various age brackets, and horzontal tests measure varius factors during the same testing procedure Also called rational or logical validity; refers to the extent to which a measure represents all facets of a given construct. - -content validity Validity: test's ability to measure a theoretical construct like intelligence, self esteem - -construct validity Validity: takes two measures that are supposed to be measuring the same construct and shows that they are related - -convergent Validity: aka empirical validity , reflects test's ability to predict future behavior according to established criteria . May be lumped under criterion validity - -concurrent validity Validity: tries to ascertain the social implicatiosn of using tests - -conseqeuntial validity Used to desscibe the process by which a test is refined and becomes more vaild as contradicotry items are dropped. - -incremental validity popularized by IO psychologists who felt the procedure had merit, especiallh when utilized for smaller firms who didn't hire a large number of workers. the helper or researcher looks for tests taht have been shown to predit each job element or component (typing, filing, etc). Tests taht predict each component (criterion) can then be combined to improve the selection process - -Synthetic validity Validiity used to asssess a test's construct/criterion validity by correlating test scores with an outside source. Another definition: refers to the degree to which two measures of constructs that theoretically should be related, are in fact related. - -Convergent validity Notes: closer reliabiliy coefficient is to one, the better Validity that says test will not refelct unrelated variables - -Discriminant validity A counselor doing research decided to split a standardized test in half by using the even items as one test and the odd items as a second test and then correlating them. The counselor was testing reliability via ___ - -split half correlation method Aka scorer reliability, utlized with subjective tests such as projectives to ascertain whether the scoring criteria are such taht two persons who grade or assess the reposnes wil produce roughtly the same score - -Inter-rather/inter-observer A reliabiliy coefficient of 1.00 indicates - -a perfect score which has no error Notes: An excellent psychological or counseling tests would have a reliabelity coefficient of .90. A reseracher with a perosonality tests discovers the test has a reliability coefficient of .70, which is somewhat typical. This indicates that 70% of score is acurate while 30% isn't. ___is acceptable reliability coefficeint for psychological attributes - -.70 For adminssions for jobs, schools, etc it needs to be at least .80 if not .9 To demonstrate the variance of one factor accounted for by another, you square the corelation (reliability coefficient). So if it is .7, you would do .7 x .7 , which equals .49 or 49%. You exam could refer to this prnciple as the ____ - -coefficeitn of determination IQ: Early ratio for Binet IQ was _____ The score indicated how you compared to those in your age group. - -MA/CA (mental age divided by chronological age) x 100. However, IQ today relies on standard age score (SAS) witha mean of 100 and a SD of 16 and used from age 2 to adulthood. ___did reserach and concluded that intelligene was normally distributed like height or weight and that it was primarily genetic. - -Galton (said intelligence was a single or unitary factor) Notes: fluid intelligence is flexible, culture free, and adjusts to the situaiton, while crystallized is rigid and doesn't adapt or change Remembered for his thoughts on convergent and divergent thikning and islated 120 factos whic hadded up to intelligence using factor analysis. - -JP Guilford