Solution Manual for Advanced Accounting, 14th Edition

Solution Manual for Advanced Accounting, 14th Edition 1. Through its voting rights over an investee, an investor firm can elect members to the investee’s board of directors and thus exercise power over the strategic direction of the investee in ways that align with the investor’s own operating and financial interests. 2. An investor should apply the equity method when it has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee. However, if the investor controls the investee, consolidating the financial information of the two companies will normally be the appropriate method for reporting the investment. 3. For equity securities without readily determinable fair values, ASC 321 allows the cost method for the investment asset. The investor recognizes dividend income for its share of investee dividends declared. Under the cost method, the investment account remains at cost unless there is (a) a demonstrable impairment or (b) observable price changes for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. 4. According to FASB ASC paragraph "Ability to exercise that influence may be indicated in several ways, such as representation on the board of directors, participation in policy-making processes, material intra-entity transactions, interchange of managerial personnel, or technological dependency. Another important consideration is the extent of ownership by an investor in relation to the extent of ownership of other shareholdings." The most objective of the criteria established by the Board is that holding (either directly or indirectly) 20 percent or more of the outstanding voting stock is presumed to constitute the ability to hold significant influence over the decision-making process of the investee. 5. Dividends received from an investee reduce the investment account. The investor does not record such dividends as revenue, to avoid reporting the income from the investee twice. The equity method is appropriate when an investor has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financing decisions of an investee. Because dividends represent financing decisions, the investor may have the ability to influence dividend timing. If investors recorded dividends received as income, managers could affect reported income in a way that does not reflect actual performance. Therefore, in reflecting the close relationship between the investor and investee, the equity method employs accrual accounting to record income when reported by the investee. The investor increases its investment account for the investor’s share of the investee’s net income and then decreases the investment accounts as the investee distributes its net income through dividends. From the investor’s view, the decrease in the investment asset (from investee dividends) is offset by an immediate increase in dividends receivable and an eventual increase in cash. 6. If Jones cannot significantly influence the operating and financial policies of Sandridge, the equity method should not be applied regardless of the ownership level. However, an owner of 25 percent of a company's outstanding common stock is assumed to possess this ability. This presumption stands until overcome by predominant evidence to the contrary. Examples of indications that an investor may be unable to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of an investee include (ASC ): a. Opposition by the investee, such as litigation or complaints to governmental regulatory authorities, challenges the investor's ability to exercise significant influence. b. The investor and investee sign an agreement under which the investor surrenders significant rights as a shareholder. 1-7 . c. Majority ownership of the investee is concentrated among a small group of shareholders who operate the investee without regard to the views of the investor. d. The investor needs or wants more financial information to apply the equity method than is available to the investee's other shareholders (for example, the investor wants quarterly financial information from an investee that publicly reports only annually), tries to obtain that information, and fails. e. The investor tries and fails to obtain representation on the investee's board of directors. 7. The following events necessitate changes in this investment account. a. Net income earned by Watts would be reflected by an increase in the investment balance whereas a reported loss is shown as a reduction to that same account. b. Dividends declared by the investee decrease its book value, thus requiring a corresponding reduction to be recorded in the investment balance. c. If, in the initial acquisition price, Smith paid extra amounts because specific investee assets and liabilities had values differing from their book values, amortization of this portion of the investment account is subsequently required. As an exception, if the specific asset is land or goodwill, amortization is not appropriate. d. Intra-entity gross profits created by sales between the investor and the investee must be deferred until resale to outside parties or consumed by the purchasing affiliate. The initial deferral entry made by the investor reduces the investment balance while the eventual recognition of the gross profit increases this account. Answers to Problems 1. D 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. B Acquisition price ........................................................................... $2,295,000 Equity income ($750,000 × 30%) .................................................. 225,000 Dividends (90,000 shares × $1.00)................................................ (90,000) Investment in O’Fallon as of December 31.................................. $2.430,000 7. A Acquisition price ............................................................................. $700,000 Income accruals: 2020—$170,000 × 20%....................................... 34,000 2021—$210,000 × 20% ...................................... 42,000 Amortization (see below): 2020...................................................... (10,000) Amortization: 2021 .......................................................................... (10,000) Dividends: 2020—$70,000 × 20% ................................................... (14,000) 2021—$70,000 × 20%.................................................... (14,000) Investment in Martes, December 31, 2021..................................... $728,000 Acquisition price of Martes............................................................. $700,000 Acquired net assets (book value) ($3,000,000 × 20%) ................. (600,000) Excess cost over book value to patent ......................................... $100,000 Annual amortization (10 year remaining life) ............................... $10,000