Patho 3505 Final exam Study Guide 2019
Review previous study guides!!
- Pathophysiology of inflammation, infection, bone healing, immune suppression (e.g.
in HIV),
- genetics- recessive, dominant, autosomal dominant genes
- stress response
- fever
- hormones & their role- ADH, aldosterone, parathyroid, glucocorticoids, TSH (s/s of
hypo & hyper thyroidism)
- common electrolytes- K+, Na, P, Ca
- acidosis/alkalosis- I gave you a chart in study guide #2
- osteoarthritis vs rheumatoid arthritis
- pathophysiology of osteoporosis- role of osteoclasts and osteoblasts
- Diabetes- what happens in ketoacidosis? What are the chronic complications of DM?
- Angina vs MI- how do you tell the difference? (angina- partial obstruction vs MI- total
obstruction), if a patient gives you a history of chest pain that comes on with exertion
and is relieved with rest- that’s pretty classic for CAD and angina; role of
hypertension
- Right vs Left heart failure- R pump fails- where is the back up- think- where does
blood in the right side come from- if the R side isn’t working- then it’s going to back up
into where it came from ? L pump fails- again- where does the blood come from into
the L side (pulmonary circulation) – therefore- where does it back up to if the L side
isn’t working ( pulmonary edema)
- Anemia- sickle cell, iron deficiency
Review terms/definitions- diagnosis, prognosis, nosocomial, necrosis, hypertrophy, atrophy,
dysplasia, hypoxia, ischemia, pyrogen, malaise, pathogen, opportunistic organism/infection,
incubation period, chemotaxsis, phagocytosis, pedigree, genotype, karyotype, intracellular
fluid, extracellular fluid (make up), interstitial, intravascular, hypovolemia, hypervolemia, third
spacing, osmotic pressure, active transport etc.
Common diagnostic tests- -what are they, what’s their purpose?
mammogram, lumbar puncture, MRI, CT scan, CxR, what is included in a CBC? What is a
differential? What is a C&S ? What are common chemistry tests (electrolytes, BUN, Cr,
glucose, TSH, liver enzymes-ALT, AST – fun fact- AST is not routine anymore- generally only
specialist can order now- deemed insignificant), and although not frequently used in
current practice- what are the cardiac (serum iso-enzymes) markers- CK-MB (current
practice is troponin levels but for the sake of your exam – know what a cardiac iso-enzyme
is)
, NEW- not in previous study
guides Nervous System
Table 14-2 Major Functional Areas of the Brain- area & function pg. 330
(Gould) Cranial nerves- Table 14-3 pg. 332 (Gould)
C1= olfactory, -
smell C2= optic- -
vision
C3=oculomotor-motor- eye movements, upper eyelid, pupil constriction (PNS)
C4= trochlear= eye movements-oblique
C6=abducens=eye movements-lateral
C5=trigeminal sensory- face, motor- chewing, speech (in babies- it’s the moro, tree hugger
reflex)
C7=facial- taste anterior 2/3 of tongue, motor-facial expression, lacrimal-tears, nasal mucosa,
salivary glands
C8=vestibulocochlear – hearing, balance
C9= glossopharyngeal – taste, posterior 1/3 of tongue, gag reflex, swallowing, parotid glands
C10= vagus= diaphragm, swallow & speech, heart & lungs, smooth muscle & glands of digestive
system
C11=spinal accessory- shrug (trapezius muscles), voluntary muscles of plate, pharynx
C12=hypoglossal – stick out tongue
Review previous study guides!!
- Pathophysiology of inflammation, infection, bone healing, immune suppression (e.g.
in HIV),
- genetics- recessive, dominant, autosomal dominant genes
- stress response
- fever
- hormones & their role- ADH, aldosterone, parathyroid, glucocorticoids, TSH (s/s of
hypo & hyper thyroidism)
- common electrolytes- K+, Na, P, Ca
- acidosis/alkalosis- I gave you a chart in study guide #2
- osteoarthritis vs rheumatoid arthritis
- pathophysiology of osteoporosis- role of osteoclasts and osteoblasts
- Diabetes- what happens in ketoacidosis? What are the chronic complications of DM?
- Angina vs MI- how do you tell the difference? (angina- partial obstruction vs MI- total
obstruction), if a patient gives you a history of chest pain that comes on with exertion
and is relieved with rest- that’s pretty classic for CAD and angina; role of
hypertension
- Right vs Left heart failure- R pump fails- where is the back up- think- where does
blood in the right side come from- if the R side isn’t working- then it’s going to back up
into where it came from ? L pump fails- again- where does the blood come from into
the L side (pulmonary circulation) – therefore- where does it back up to if the L side
isn’t working ( pulmonary edema)
- Anemia- sickle cell, iron deficiency
Review terms/definitions- diagnosis, prognosis, nosocomial, necrosis, hypertrophy, atrophy,
dysplasia, hypoxia, ischemia, pyrogen, malaise, pathogen, opportunistic organism/infection,
incubation period, chemotaxsis, phagocytosis, pedigree, genotype, karyotype, intracellular
fluid, extracellular fluid (make up), interstitial, intravascular, hypovolemia, hypervolemia, third
spacing, osmotic pressure, active transport etc.
Common diagnostic tests- -what are they, what’s their purpose?
mammogram, lumbar puncture, MRI, CT scan, CxR, what is included in a CBC? What is a
differential? What is a C&S ? What are common chemistry tests (electrolytes, BUN, Cr,
glucose, TSH, liver enzymes-ALT, AST – fun fact- AST is not routine anymore- generally only
specialist can order now- deemed insignificant), and although not frequently used in
current practice- what are the cardiac (serum iso-enzymes) markers- CK-MB (current
practice is troponin levels but for the sake of your exam – know what a cardiac iso-enzyme
is)
, NEW- not in previous study
guides Nervous System
Table 14-2 Major Functional Areas of the Brain- area & function pg. 330
(Gould) Cranial nerves- Table 14-3 pg. 332 (Gould)
C1= olfactory, -
smell C2= optic- -
vision
C3=oculomotor-motor- eye movements, upper eyelid, pupil constriction (PNS)
C4= trochlear= eye movements-oblique
C6=abducens=eye movements-lateral
C5=trigeminal sensory- face, motor- chewing, speech (in babies- it’s the moro, tree hugger
reflex)
C7=facial- taste anterior 2/3 of tongue, motor-facial expression, lacrimal-tears, nasal mucosa,
salivary glands
C8=vestibulocochlear – hearing, balance
C9= glossopharyngeal – taste, posterior 1/3 of tongue, gag reflex, swallowing, parotid glands
C10= vagus= diaphragm, swallow & speech, heart & lungs, smooth muscle & glands of digestive
system
C11=spinal accessory- shrug (trapezius muscles), voluntary muscles of plate, pharynx
C12=hypoglossal – stick out tongue
