BIO CHEM 100 Final Study Guide
complete solution
CHAPTER 1
1. Which of the following best describes the primary reason
that Americans are concerned about health care?
a. Politicians are discussing how to improve health care.
b. The media has provided mixed messages about the health care
system.
c. Our national health care costs keep increasing.
d. The new health care system offers free services to Americans.
ANS: C
The primary reason for the focus on health care is the constantly
increasing costs, which cannot be sustained. The costs of caring for the
sick accounted for the majority of escalating health care dollars, which
increased from 5.7% of the gross domestic product in 1965 to 17.6% in
2009. Politicians and the media both influence Americans’ perceptions
about health care; however, they are not the primary reason why
Americans are concerned. The new health care system will change the
health care access and availablity, but will not necessarily be offering
any free services to Americans.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 2
2. A nurse has begun to lobby with politicians for changes to
the health care system. Why is this involvement important?
a. Nurses, as central characters in several popular TV series, are
currently very visible in American media.
b. Nurses are primarily responsible for managing the various units
in our health care system.
c. Nurses are the largest group of health care providers.
d. Nurses are the only group that is employed both inside and
outside of hospitals.
ANS: C
As the largest group of health care providers, nurses are informed
about the current health care system and all the problems that result
from people not seeking care until they are desperately ill. Nurses, as
the American Nurses Association (ANA) emphasize, usually believe that
health care is a right, not a privilege. Therefore, nurses, whose work is
central to our current health care delivery system, can also be
instrumental in working politically to create a health care delivery
system that will meet health needs. While nurses are in several current
TV series and are employed both inside and outside of hospitals,
physicians and other health care providers are as well. Nurses are often
managers, but managers often have other backgrounds, such as
business administration.
,DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 2
3. What conclusion can be drawn from examining where nurses
are employed?
a. There is a trend toward consolidation of health care into large
central medical centers.
b. There is an increased emphasis on community-based health
care.
c. There is an obvious need to decrease health care costs by
cutting positions.
d. Managed care organizations (MCOs) are employing nurses to
improve customer relations.
ANS: B
MCOs are employing nurses in many capacities. Although hospitals are
closing and acute care is increasingly found in central medical centers,
the same trend may be seen in an increase in neighborhood-based
practice centers. While positions are cut in most industries, health care
is recognized as an area where growth in employment is expected.
However, nurses are increasingly employed in community settings as
opposed to hospitals. This change reflects the move toward community-
based care rather than hospital-based tertiary care. To help decrease
the continued rise in health care costs, the increased emphasis is on
disease prevention rather than high-cost treatment.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 2
4. Which ethical belief would be most helpful in the current
health care crisis?
a. Emphasis should be on individual and corporation freedom in
the marketplace.
b. Emphasis should be on individual autonomy and freedom of
choice.
c. Emphasis should be on social justice and collective
responsibility.
d. Emphasis should be on the effectiveness of technology in
resolving problems.
ANS: C
Public health recognizes the necessity of collective action in keeping the
environment safe and in egalitarian tradition and vision. An
overinvestment in technology and seeking of cures within the market
justice system has stifled the evolution of a health system to protect
and preserve the health of the population. Although individual
autonomy and freedom of choice are important, so is the recognition of
collective responsibility in ensuring social justice, which entitles all
people to basic necessities.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 2
5. What is the primary problem seen in Healthy People 2020’s
emphasis on choosing healthy lifestyle behaviors, such as daily exercise
or healthy food choices?
a. Emphasis on other lifestyle choices, such as not smoking and
minimal use of alcohol or drugs, is also needed.
b. All of us must work together to make unhealthy behaviors
socially unacceptable.
c. It costs more to make healthy choices, such as buying and
, Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material
eating fresh fruits and vegetables as opposed to quick and
cheap fast-food choices.
d. Public policy emphasizes personal responsibility but ignores
social and environmental changes needed for well-being.
ANS: D
Although all responses are accurate, the primary problem is the
emphasis on personal choices in the Healthy People 2020 objectives.
Emphasis on personal choices ignores the need for community
responsibility and action that addresses environmental or cultural
restraints to health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 2
6. What responsibility does the American Nurses Association (ANA)
Code of Ethics require of the nurse beyond giving excellent care to
patients?
a. Accept longer work schedules to ensure that professional care
is always available to clients
b. Recognize the need for experienced nurses to mentor new
graduates to help increase and expand the number of
professionals available
c. Support health legislation to improve accessibility and cost of
health care
d. Volunteer to work overtime as needed to ensure maximum
quality of care
ANS: C
The ANA Code of Ethics promotes social reform by focusing on health
policy and legislation to positively affect accessibility, quality, and cost
of health care. The code does not directly address workplace issues,
such as work schedules or need for overtime.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 2
7. What is the community health nursing definition of health?
a. Health is a person’s goal-directed purposeful process toward
well-being or wholeness.
b. Health is an individual’s physical, mental, and social well-being,
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
c. Health is the mutual adaptation between a person and his or
her environment in meeting daily existence.
d. Health is families and aggregates choosing actions to ensure
safety and well-being.
ANS: D
The text stresses that health is not just the result of an individual’s
choices, but choices and actions of individuals, families, groups, and
communities that lead to better health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 3
8. How does community health nursing define community?
a. A group of persons living within specific geographic boundaries
b. A group of persons who share a common identity and
environment
c. A group of persons who work together to meet common goals
d. Persons who form a group to resolve a common concern
ANS: B
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Community health nurses work with both geopolitical groups (within
specific geographic boundaries) and phenomenological groups (who
have a common identity based on culture, history, or goals). A particular
phenomenological group may or may not have been a planned group—
that is, a group that came together to resolve a recognized common
problem or to meet a common goal. However, of all the choices, a group
of persons who share a common identity (phenomenological group) and
environment (which implies a specific geographic setting) is the
broadest and most complete definition.
` DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 3
9. Which variable has a major influence on a community’s health?
a. Behavior choices made by persons in the community
b. Number of health care providers and hospitals in the
community
c. Quality of the public safety officers (police officers, firefighters,
etc.)
d. The number and credentials of public health officials in the
community
ANS: A
Individual behavior choices and environmental factors are responsible
for about 70% of health outcomes. Individual choices are affected
through interaction with other individuals, and their mutual social and
physical environments. Health care providers are responsible for only
10% of the outcome. The quality of public safety officers and number of
public health officials have not been identified as major contributors to
the determinants of health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 4
10. What change could most effectively lead to a longer life
span in Americans?
a. Parenting and sexual behavior classes in all public school
systems
b. Legislation restricting alcohol and drug use
c. Notably reducing speed limits on all state and federal
highways, and changing the age limit for driving to 21 years of
age
d. The belief that smoking is shameful and disgusting, as well as
expensive, becoming the social norm
ANS: D
Smoking is responsible for about 20% of all deaths in the United States.
Although smoking is an individual’s choice, all people are affected by
social norms. Parenting and sexual behavior classes and legislative
changes may influence health, but may not necessarily lead to a longer
lifespan. Community health nurses should recognize that health is
influenced by a web of factors, some that can be changed and some
that cannot. Influencing social norms may better promote change
among Americans.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 4
11. What is the health issue causing the most concern in the
United States today?
a. Diabetes epidemic
b. Increase in cardiac disease
c. Increase in obesity
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Distribution of this document is illegal
complete solution
CHAPTER 1
1. Which of the following best describes the primary reason
that Americans are concerned about health care?
a. Politicians are discussing how to improve health care.
b. The media has provided mixed messages about the health care
system.
c. Our national health care costs keep increasing.
d. The new health care system offers free services to Americans.
ANS: C
The primary reason for the focus on health care is the constantly
increasing costs, which cannot be sustained. The costs of caring for the
sick accounted for the majority of escalating health care dollars, which
increased from 5.7% of the gross domestic product in 1965 to 17.6% in
2009. Politicians and the media both influence Americans’ perceptions
about health care; however, they are not the primary reason why
Americans are concerned. The new health care system will change the
health care access and availablity, but will not necessarily be offering
any free services to Americans.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 2
2. A nurse has begun to lobby with politicians for changes to
the health care system. Why is this involvement important?
a. Nurses, as central characters in several popular TV series, are
currently very visible in American media.
b. Nurses are primarily responsible for managing the various units
in our health care system.
c. Nurses are the largest group of health care providers.
d. Nurses are the only group that is employed both inside and
outside of hospitals.
ANS: C
As the largest group of health care providers, nurses are informed
about the current health care system and all the problems that result
from people not seeking care until they are desperately ill. Nurses, as
the American Nurses Association (ANA) emphasize, usually believe that
health care is a right, not a privilege. Therefore, nurses, whose work is
central to our current health care delivery system, can also be
instrumental in working politically to create a health care delivery
system that will meet health needs. While nurses are in several current
TV series and are employed both inside and outside of hospitals,
physicians and other health care providers are as well. Nurses are often
managers, but managers often have other backgrounds, such as
business administration.
,DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 2
3. What conclusion can be drawn from examining where nurses
are employed?
a. There is a trend toward consolidation of health care into large
central medical centers.
b. There is an increased emphasis on community-based health
care.
c. There is an obvious need to decrease health care costs by
cutting positions.
d. Managed care organizations (MCOs) are employing nurses to
improve customer relations.
ANS: B
MCOs are employing nurses in many capacities. Although hospitals are
closing and acute care is increasingly found in central medical centers,
the same trend may be seen in an increase in neighborhood-based
practice centers. While positions are cut in most industries, health care
is recognized as an area where growth in employment is expected.
However, nurses are increasingly employed in community settings as
opposed to hospitals. This change reflects the move toward community-
based care rather than hospital-based tertiary care. To help decrease
the continued rise in health care costs, the increased emphasis is on
disease prevention rather than high-cost treatment.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 2
4. Which ethical belief would be most helpful in the current
health care crisis?
a. Emphasis should be on individual and corporation freedom in
the marketplace.
b. Emphasis should be on individual autonomy and freedom of
choice.
c. Emphasis should be on social justice and collective
responsibility.
d. Emphasis should be on the effectiveness of technology in
resolving problems.
ANS: C
Public health recognizes the necessity of collective action in keeping the
environment safe and in egalitarian tradition and vision. An
overinvestment in technology and seeking of cures within the market
justice system has stifled the evolution of a health system to protect
and preserve the health of the population. Although individual
autonomy and freedom of choice are important, so is the recognition of
collective responsibility in ensuring social justice, which entitles all
people to basic necessities.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 2
5. What is the primary problem seen in Healthy People 2020’s
emphasis on choosing healthy lifestyle behaviors, such as daily exercise
or healthy food choices?
a. Emphasis on other lifestyle choices, such as not smoking and
minimal use of alcohol or drugs, is also needed.
b. All of us must work together to make unhealthy behaviors
socially unacceptable.
c. It costs more to make healthy choices, such as buying and
, Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material
eating fresh fruits and vegetables as opposed to quick and
cheap fast-food choices.
d. Public policy emphasizes personal responsibility but ignores
social and environmental changes needed for well-being.
ANS: D
Although all responses are accurate, the primary problem is the
emphasis on personal choices in the Healthy People 2020 objectives.
Emphasis on personal choices ignores the need for community
responsibility and action that addresses environmental or cultural
restraints to health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 2
6. What responsibility does the American Nurses Association (ANA)
Code of Ethics require of the nurse beyond giving excellent care to
patients?
a. Accept longer work schedules to ensure that professional care
is always available to clients
b. Recognize the need for experienced nurses to mentor new
graduates to help increase and expand the number of
professionals available
c. Support health legislation to improve accessibility and cost of
health care
d. Volunteer to work overtime as needed to ensure maximum
quality of care
ANS: C
The ANA Code of Ethics promotes social reform by focusing on health
policy and legislation to positively affect accessibility, quality, and cost
of health care. The code does not directly address workplace issues,
such as work schedules or need for overtime.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 2
7. What is the community health nursing definition of health?
a. Health is a person’s goal-directed purposeful process toward
well-being or wholeness.
b. Health is an individual’s physical, mental, and social well-being,
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
c. Health is the mutual adaptation between a person and his or
her environment in meeting daily existence.
d. Health is families and aggregates choosing actions to ensure
safety and well-being.
ANS: D
The text stresses that health is not just the result of an individual’s
choices, but choices and actions of individuals, families, groups, and
communities that lead to better health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 3
8. How does community health nursing define community?
a. A group of persons living within specific geographic boundaries
b. A group of persons who share a common identity and
environment
c. A group of persons who work together to meet common goals
d. Persons who form a group to resolve a common concern
ANS: B
Downloaded by: ianwazaski |
Distribution of this document is illegal
, Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material
Community health nurses work with both geopolitical groups (within
specific geographic boundaries) and phenomenological groups (who
have a common identity based on culture, history, or goals). A particular
phenomenological group may or may not have been a planned group—
that is, a group that came together to resolve a recognized common
problem or to meet a common goal. However, of all the choices, a group
of persons who share a common identity (phenomenological group) and
environment (which implies a specific geographic setting) is the
broadest and most complete definition.
` DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 3
9. Which variable has a major influence on a community’s health?
a. Behavior choices made by persons in the community
b. Number of health care providers and hospitals in the
community
c. Quality of the public safety officers (police officers, firefighters,
etc.)
d. The number and credentials of public health officials in the
community
ANS: A
Individual behavior choices and environmental factors are responsible
for about 70% of health outcomes. Individual choices are affected
through interaction with other individuals, and their mutual social and
physical environments. Health care providers are responsible for only
10% of the outcome. The quality of public safety officers and number of
public health officials have not been identified as major contributors to
the determinants of health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 4
10. What change could most effectively lead to a longer life
span in Americans?
a. Parenting and sexual behavior classes in all public school
systems
b. Legislation restricting alcohol and drug use
c. Notably reducing speed limits on all state and federal
highways, and changing the age limit for driving to 21 years of
age
d. The belief that smoking is shameful and disgusting, as well as
expensive, becoming the social norm
ANS: D
Smoking is responsible for about 20% of all deaths in the United States.
Although smoking is an individual’s choice, all people are affected by
social norms. Parenting and sexual behavior classes and legislative
changes may influence health, but may not necessarily lead to a longer
lifespan. Community health nurses should recognize that health is
influenced by a web of factors, some that can be changed and some
that cannot. Influencing social norms may better promote change
among Americans.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 4
11. What is the health issue causing the most concern in the
United States today?
a. Diabetes epidemic
b. Increase in cardiac disease
c. Increase in obesity
Downloaded by: ianwazaski |
Distribution of this document is illegal
