HBO-ICT, Year 1, Sys Engineering 1, Book Summary

HBO-ICT, Jaar 1, Sys Engineering 1 BraveBurger



Sys Engineer Boek Samenvatting
Belangrijke begrippen/concepten uit het boek ‘Structured Computer
Organization’ en twee PDFs.

Deze samenvatting is ook verbeterd en aangevuld met belangrijke informatie die op het
tentamen van het vak Sys Engineer 1 voorkwam. Het cijfer dat ik met de eerste versie van
deze samenvatting heb gehaald is een 7.3. Het is belangrijk om de begrippen en de
betekenissen te onthouden en vooral de concepten goed te begrijpen, aangezien het
semi-ingewikkelde onderwerpen bevat. Het is handig om de paragraaf in het boek erbij te
lezen als je een bepaald onderwerp uit deze samenvatting na het lezen nog niet begrijpt. Het
is ook handig om de powerpoints uit de lessen goed te begrijpen, waarbij deze samenvatting
een aanvulling is.

De boeken/PDFs waar de samengevatte hoofdstukken over zijn worden aangegeven door:
- (SCO) -- Structured Computer Organization, 6th edition, A.S. Tanenbaum, Pearson
- (C101) -- Crypto 101, Laurens van Houtven (Ivh), 2017 (Extra PDF)
- (Meltdown) -- Meltdown: Reading Kernel Memory from User Space, Moritz Lipp
(Extra PDF)

Deze samenvatting van het boek en de PDFs is in het Engels geschreven.



Table of Contents
Table of Contents 1

Week 1 3
(SCO) 1.0 Introduction 3
(SCO) 1.1 Structured Computer Organization 3
(SCO) 1.3 The Computer Zoo 4
(SCO) 1.4 Example Computer Families 5
(SCO) 1.5 Metric Units 5
(SCO) 3.1 Gates and Boolean Algebra 5
(SCO) 3.2 Basic Digital Logic Circuits 6

Week 2 8
(SCO) 2.2 Primary Memory 8
(SCO) 2.4.8 Character Codes 9
(SCO) A. Binary Numbers 10
(C101) 5. Exclusive OR 11

Week 3 12
(SCO) 2.1 Processors 12
(SCO) 4.1 An Example Microarchitecture 14
(SCO) 5.1 Overview of the ISA Level 15



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,HBO-ICT, Jaar 1, Sys Engineering 1 BraveBurger



Week 5 17
(SCO) 4.5 Improving performance 17
(SCO) 4.6 Examples of the microarchitecture level 19
(SCO) 5.6.2 Procedures (Flow of control) 19

Week 6 20
(SCO) 5.6.4 Traps (Flow of control) 20
(SCO) 5.6.5 Interrupts (Flow of control) 20
(SCO) 6.1 Virtual memory 20

Week 7 23
(SCO) 6.2 Hardware virtualization 23

Week 8 24
Meltdown 24




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, HBO-ICT, Jaar 1, Sys Engineering 1 BraveBurger


Week 1

(SCO) 1.0 Introduction
- Program - sequence of instructions describing how to perform a certain task.
- Machine language - Computer’s primitive instructions form a language in which
people can communicate with the computer.
- Structured Computer Organization - complexity of systems can be mastered by
designing in a systematic, organized way.



(SCO) 1.1 Structured Computer Organization
- Languages are built on top of each other to make them more convenient than its
predecessors. Each language uses its predecessor as a basis. A computer using this
technique can be viewed as a series of layers or levels.

- Translation - converting a computer program to another language (source code →
machine code), discovers and identifies errors during translation.
- Interpretation - computer program (interpreter) executes instructions written in a
programming language without requiring them to be compiled into a machine
language program first.
- During execution, the interpreter is in control of the computer and the program
is running.

- 0. Digital logic level - contain gates. These contain digital inputs 0/1 (software),
which compute functions like AND or OR. This happens using transistors (hardware).
- The 1-bit memories can be combined in groups of / 64, etc. to form
registers. Registers hold a single binary number up to some maximum.
- 1. Microarchitecture level - collection of registers that form a local memory
and a circuit called an ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), which performs simple
arithmetic operations. Registers connected to the ALU form a data path, over which
data flows.
- On some machines the operation of the data path is controlled by a program
called a microprogram, on others directly by the hardware.
- 2. Instruction Set Architecture level (ISA) - is part of the processor that is visible to
the programmer or compiler writer. ISA serves as the boundary between software
and hardware.
- 3. Operating system machine level (also called ‘hybrid’ level) - In addition to level 2
there is a set of new instructions, different memory organization, the ability to run two
or more programs concurrently, and various other features.
- Systems programmers specialize in designing and implementing new virtual
machines from level 0 up to 3.
- 4. Assembly language level - Programs in assembly language are first translated to
level 1, 2, or 3 language and then interpreted by the appropriate virtual or actual
machine. The program that performs the translation is called an assembler.
- Application programmers utilize levels 4 and above.




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