1
Table Of Contents
Significant Figures 2 Curved Mirrors 8
- Rules; Rounding; - Properties of Concave Mirrors;
Mathematical Operations; Properties of Convex Mirrors;
Scientific Notation; Metric Ray Diagrams for Curved Mirrors
System
Light Production Types 4 Mirror and Magnification Equations 11
- Luminous Objects; - Mirror Equation (Distances);
Non-Luminous Objects; How Magnification Equation (Object
is Light Created?; height/size)
Incandescence VS
Fluorescence
Speed Of Light 6 Applications of Mirrors 12
- Plane Mirror; Concave mirror
Application; Convex mirror
Application
Electromagnetic Spectrum 6 Refraction 15
- Refractive Index; Refraction
Rules; Dispersion; Principle of
the Reversibility of Light; Special
features of Refraction;
Applications of Refraction
- Diamond; Rearview
Mirrors; Retroreflectors;
Optical Fibres; Rainbows;
Sundog; Apparent Depth
Illusion; Shimmering;
Mirages
Plane Mirrors 7 Eye Anatomy 23
- Laws of Reflection; Image - External & Internal Structures;
Characteristics Causes of poor vision
, 2
Significant Figures
Sig figs in measurement: Known digits & one final estimated digit
Ex: For the ruler image below, we can estimate to 0.00 (3 sig. figs.)
Rules
1. Digits 1-9 are significant
2. Zeroes between significant digits are significant
a. 1004 has 4 sig. fig.
3. Zeroes after 1-9 digits are NOT significant
a. 1000 has 1 sig. fig.
i. If there is a decimal point afterwards, then the zeroes will be
significant
1. 1000.0 has 5 sig.figs
4. Zeroes at the beginning that places decimal point are not significant
a. 0.0025 has 2 sig. figs
b. 0.002050 has 4 sig. figs
Rounding
If the next digit is above or equal to 5,
round up
If the next digit is below 5, round
down
Mathematical Operations
- Adding/Subtracting
- Round the answer to the
number with fewest
decimal places
- Multiplying/Dividing
- Round the answer to the number with the fewest sig. figs.
, 3
Scientific Notation
x * 10n, 1 ≤ x < 10
Ex: 2.45 * 103
Metric System
Prefix Symbol Scientific Notation
giga- G 109
mega- M 106
kilo- k 103
hecto- h 102
deca- da 101
– – 100
deci- d 10-1
centi- c 10-2
milli- m 10-3
micro- μ 10-6
nano- n 10-9
Acronym to memorize the units
G __ __ M __ __ K H Da m D C Mm __ __ μ __ __ n
King Henry Doesn’t Mind Drinking Chocolate Milk
Middle unit is “Mind”
Table Of Contents
Significant Figures 2 Curved Mirrors 8
- Rules; Rounding; - Properties of Concave Mirrors;
Mathematical Operations; Properties of Convex Mirrors;
Scientific Notation; Metric Ray Diagrams for Curved Mirrors
System
Light Production Types 4 Mirror and Magnification Equations 11
- Luminous Objects; - Mirror Equation (Distances);
Non-Luminous Objects; How Magnification Equation (Object
is Light Created?; height/size)
Incandescence VS
Fluorescence
Speed Of Light 6 Applications of Mirrors 12
- Plane Mirror; Concave mirror
Application; Convex mirror
Application
Electromagnetic Spectrum 6 Refraction 15
- Refractive Index; Refraction
Rules; Dispersion; Principle of
the Reversibility of Light; Special
features of Refraction;
Applications of Refraction
- Diamond; Rearview
Mirrors; Retroreflectors;
Optical Fibres; Rainbows;
Sundog; Apparent Depth
Illusion; Shimmering;
Mirages
Plane Mirrors 7 Eye Anatomy 23
- Laws of Reflection; Image - External & Internal Structures;
Characteristics Causes of poor vision
, 2
Significant Figures
Sig figs in measurement: Known digits & one final estimated digit
Ex: For the ruler image below, we can estimate to 0.00 (3 sig. figs.)
Rules
1. Digits 1-9 are significant
2. Zeroes between significant digits are significant
a. 1004 has 4 sig. fig.
3. Zeroes after 1-9 digits are NOT significant
a. 1000 has 1 sig. fig.
i. If there is a decimal point afterwards, then the zeroes will be
significant
1. 1000.0 has 5 sig.figs
4. Zeroes at the beginning that places decimal point are not significant
a. 0.0025 has 2 sig. figs
b. 0.002050 has 4 sig. figs
Rounding
If the next digit is above or equal to 5,
round up
If the next digit is below 5, round
down
Mathematical Operations
- Adding/Subtracting
- Round the answer to the
number with fewest
decimal places
- Multiplying/Dividing
- Round the answer to the number with the fewest sig. figs.
, 3
Scientific Notation
x * 10n, 1 ≤ x < 10
Ex: 2.45 * 103
Metric System
Prefix Symbol Scientific Notation
giga- G 109
mega- M 106
kilo- k 103
hecto- h 102
deca- da 101
– – 100
deci- d 10-1
centi- c 10-2
milli- m 10-3
micro- μ 10-6
nano- n 10-9
Acronym to memorize the units
G __ __ M __ __ K H Da m D C Mm __ __ μ __ __ n
King Henry Doesn’t Mind Drinking Chocolate Milk
Middle unit is “Mind”
