GUIDE, PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
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Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
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, What is the hearts primary pacemaker? The SA node
Normal electrical pathway SA node, AV node, bundle of His, right/left bundle branch, and Purkinje fibers
Final result of this electrical pathway? Ventricular contraction
If the SA node is damaged... the AV node will fire at a rate of 40-60 BPM
If the AV node is damaged... the Purkinje fibers will fire at a rate of 20-40 BPM
Normal blood flow thru the heart see photo
Electrical activity, atrial/ventricular contraction are all... Interconnected
If the electrical pathway is altered or impaired (Afib, VTach).... The blood flow pathway is also affected & vise versa
Depolarization Contraction (systole)
Repolarization Relaxation (diastole)
What does the P wave represent? Contraction of the atrium or depolarization
What does the QRS complex represent? Contraction of the ventricle or depolarization
The Q wave is the first... negative deflection after the P wave