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Why is it important to study science? 3pts - ANSWER 1. unlimited freedom of
inquiry
2. important to know science is not static, and it evolves
3. important to study science and scientific pov for even if no one else plans to
engage
General definition of science - ANSWER way to generate relative knowledge,
and an accurate way of gaining this knowledge. Need to have inductive attitude,
based on human activity
Describe Roentgen's discovery of x rays - ANSWER was holding a small lead
disk between phosphar tube and cathoder ray tube, noticed the shadows of his
hand
Kekule's discovery of Benzene - ANSWER - issue was the benzene does not
accept any new H molecules
- had chain of carbons close in on themselves to make room for bonding
- visual approach to benzene
discovery of energy bands in solids - ANSWER used quantam mechanics to
solve the problem, used the fact ions in a metal are arranged in an orderly
periodic fashion
biogeographical studies - ANSWER humbolt journeyed to south america and
mexico realized that there was differences between geographical location and
vegetation
developed theory of biogeography: physical conditions of an area influence the
features of an ecosystem
,Discovery of smallpox vaccine - ANSWER Jenner used inoculated cowpox
virus collected from pustules. If you had cowpox you wouldn't get small pox,
but only if a pustules is at its strongest.
Reason why religion and science is on opposing sides - ANSWER religious
groups oppose all research on methods for the control of human fertility,
religious groups challenge the freedom of inquiry
four characteristics of a good question - ANSWER 1. it has depth
2. it is tantalizing (hold out possibility for answer)
3. it is suggestive (almost tells how to find it)
4. it is fruitful
what is the link between the sense of wonder and science? - ANSWER the
desire to understand (to wonder) and the desire for truth (science)
Three criteria for valid answer in science - ANSWER 1. no ans can involve a
logical contradiction
2. every ans must be consistent with theories or provide a good reason for
changing theories
3. no ans can be violated an established empirical fact without explanations
Describe the stages in the development of a scientific idea, or an entire field of
science: roland's four stage model- ecdv - ANSWER 1. exploratory stage: initial
stage, observing the facts, performing experiments, getting data 2. conceptual
stage: developing and selection of concepts that will help the principal you're
looking for
3. developmental stage: examining all the possible sequences of the principals 4.
verification stage: each prediction is systematically subjected to the test of
experience
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five questions that can be answered in science - ANSWER 1. will this
experiment interfere with the natural behaviour of the system?
2. are the systems able to detect the expected results?
3. is the available equipment capable of detecting results
4. is the initial state of the system studied properly
5. will the experimental procedure destroy or disable the system being studied
Two major pieces of evidence that led snow to the discovery of cholera -
ANSWER 1. Pump handle removed and disease went down in the area.
2. Those in the area drinking other water were fine.