SOLUTION MANUAL FOR STATISTICS FOR THE
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES UPDATED ACTUAL
TEST SCRIPT WITH SOLVED QUESTIONS
◉ Inferential statistics.
Answer: Statistical technique that uses sample data to make general
estimates about the larger population.
◉ Sample.
Answer: A set of observations drawn from the population of interest.
◉ Population.
Answer: All of the possible observations about which we'd like to
know something.
◉ Variable.
Answer: Any observation of a physical, attitudinal, or behavioral
characteristic that can take on different values.
◉ Discrete Observation.
,Answer: Observed data point that can take on only specific values.
(e.g., whole numbers); no other values can exist between these
numbers.
◉ Continuous Observation.
Answer: Observed data point that can take on a full range of values
(e.g., numbers out to many decimal points); an infinite number of
potential values exists.
◉ Nominal Variable.
Answer: A variable used for observations that have categories, or
names, as their values.
◉ Ordinal Variable.
Answer: A variable used for observations that have rankings (i.e.,
1st, 2nd, 3rd,...) as their values.
◉ Interval Variable.
Answer: A variable used for observations that have numbers as their
values; the distance (or interval) between pairs of consecutive
numbers is assumed to be equal.
◉ Ratio Variable.
, Answer: A variable that meets the criteria for an interval variable
but also has a meaningful zero point.
◉ Scale Variable.
Answer: A variable that meets the criteria for an interval variable or
a ratio variable.
◉ Level.
Answer: A discrete value or condition that a variable can take on.
◉ Independent Variable.
Answer: A variable that we either manipulate or observe to
determine its effects on the dependent variable.
◉ Dependent Variable.
Answer: The outcome variable that we hypothesize to be related to,
or caused by, changes in the independent variable.
◉ Confounding Variable.
Answer: A variable that systematically varies with the independent
variable so that we cannot logically determine which variable is at
work; also called a confound.
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES UPDATED ACTUAL
TEST SCRIPT WITH SOLVED QUESTIONS
◉ Inferential statistics.
Answer: Statistical technique that uses sample data to make general
estimates about the larger population.
◉ Sample.
Answer: A set of observations drawn from the population of interest.
◉ Population.
Answer: All of the possible observations about which we'd like to
know something.
◉ Variable.
Answer: Any observation of a physical, attitudinal, or behavioral
characteristic that can take on different values.
◉ Discrete Observation.
,Answer: Observed data point that can take on only specific values.
(e.g., whole numbers); no other values can exist between these
numbers.
◉ Continuous Observation.
Answer: Observed data point that can take on a full range of values
(e.g., numbers out to many decimal points); an infinite number of
potential values exists.
◉ Nominal Variable.
Answer: A variable used for observations that have categories, or
names, as their values.
◉ Ordinal Variable.
Answer: A variable used for observations that have rankings (i.e.,
1st, 2nd, 3rd,...) as their values.
◉ Interval Variable.
Answer: A variable used for observations that have numbers as their
values; the distance (or interval) between pairs of consecutive
numbers is assumed to be equal.
◉ Ratio Variable.
, Answer: A variable that meets the criteria for an interval variable
but also has a meaningful zero point.
◉ Scale Variable.
Answer: A variable that meets the criteria for an interval variable or
a ratio variable.
◉ Level.
Answer: A discrete value or condition that a variable can take on.
◉ Independent Variable.
Answer: A variable that we either manipulate or observe to
determine its effects on the dependent variable.
◉ Dependent Variable.
Answer: The outcome variable that we hypothesize to be related to,
or caused by, changes in the independent variable.
◉ Confounding Variable.
Answer: A variable that systematically varies with the independent
variable so that we cannot logically determine which variable is at
work; also called a confound.
