NR 566 WEEK 1 Study GuidE EXAM 2026 WitH CORRECt
ACtuAL QuEStiONS ANd CORRECtLy WELL dEFiNEd ANSWERS
LAtESt ALREAdy GRAdEd A+
Pharmacokinetics of Amphotericin B (Abelcet) - ANSWER-MOA: disrupts cell membrane.
- binds to components of the fungal cell membrane-increasing permeability. This results
in intracellular leakage, which reduces the organism's viability. Depending on agent
concentration and fungal susceptibility, the action could be fungistatic or fungicidal.
Amphotericin B: Minimizing Nephrotoxicity - ANSWER-- reduce dose in clients with renal
impairment.
- Due to toxicity, this drug should be administered for the shortest time possible.
- Treatment is usually 6 to 8 weeks but may last 3 to 4 months.
Itraconazole Drug Interactions - ANSWER-- Drugs that raise gastric pH, such as [antacids,
H2 antagonists, and proton pump inhibitors] can reduce the absorption of oral
Itraconazole. Administer these agents at least 1 hour before itraconazole or 2 hours after
- Itraconazole is a [CYP3A4 Inhibitor] and can increase levels of many other drugs,
including [cisapride, pimozide, dofetilide, and quinidine] which can increase the risk of
[fatal ventricular dysrhythmias]. Other drugs influenced by CYP3A4 inhibition include
[cyclosporine, digoxin, warfarin, and sulfonylureas].
Therapeutic Uses of Caspofungin (Cancidas) - ANSWER-- antifungal agents.
-the echinocandins disrupt the fungal cell wall. Caspofungin is better tolerated than
amphotericin b with similar efficacy.
* Therapeutic Use: Systemic Fungal Infections: Caspofungin is approved for IV therapy
of invasive aspergillosis in clients unresponsive or intolerant to amphotericin b or
itraconazole or systemic candida infections, including candidemia and candida-related
peritonitis, pleural space infections, and intraabdominal abscesses.
Adverse Effects of Caspofungin - ANSWER-- Histamine-Mediated Reaction: Rash, facial
flush, pruritis
- Phlebitis
, - Fever, Headache, rashes, N/V
Griseofulvin Indications - ANSWER-- dermatophytic infections of the skin and nails that do
not respond to topical therapy
- treat tinea barbae, tinea capitis, tinea corporis, and tinea
- Onychomycosis
- effective against fungal infections caused by Trichophyton spp., Epidermophyton
floccosum, Microsporum audouini, Microsporum canis, and Microsporum gypseum.
Oral Terbinafine (Lamisil) Indications - ANSWER-* systemic fungal infections like tinea and
onychomycosis.
Azole Use in Older Adults - ANSWER-* Plasma levels of commonly prescribed medications
in older adults (such as warfarin, phenytoin, and oral hypoglycemic agents) are
increased by azoles. Medication reconciliation and safety with poly-pharmacy practice
should be prioritized.
Tinea Pedis Treatment - ANSWER-Terbinafine (Lamisil)
Treatment Choice for Systemic Mycoses - ANSWER-Nystatin (mycostatin)
Acyclovir MOA - ANSWER-Acyclovir inhibits viral DNA synthesis by undergoing activation
to acyclo−guanosine monophosphate (GMP) via the thymidine kinase enzyme. GMP is
then converted to acyclo−guanosine triphosphate (GTP) which then inhibits viral DNA
polymerase and gets incorporated into viral DNA, blocking further DNA chain growth.
Acyclovir Indication - ANSWER-Herpes Simplex Virus
Varicella Zoster Virus -For varicella (chickenpox) in children, adolescents, and adults,
and herpes zoster (shingles) in older adults, high doses of oral acyclovir are effective,
especially when treatment is initiated within 24 hours of rash onset to reduce pain and
accelerate healing.
Cytomegalovirus
ACtuAL QuEStiONS ANd CORRECtLy WELL dEFiNEd ANSWERS
LAtESt ALREAdy GRAdEd A+
Pharmacokinetics of Amphotericin B (Abelcet) - ANSWER-MOA: disrupts cell membrane.
- binds to components of the fungal cell membrane-increasing permeability. This results
in intracellular leakage, which reduces the organism's viability. Depending on agent
concentration and fungal susceptibility, the action could be fungistatic or fungicidal.
Amphotericin B: Minimizing Nephrotoxicity - ANSWER-- reduce dose in clients with renal
impairment.
- Due to toxicity, this drug should be administered for the shortest time possible.
- Treatment is usually 6 to 8 weeks but may last 3 to 4 months.
Itraconazole Drug Interactions - ANSWER-- Drugs that raise gastric pH, such as [antacids,
H2 antagonists, and proton pump inhibitors] can reduce the absorption of oral
Itraconazole. Administer these agents at least 1 hour before itraconazole or 2 hours after
- Itraconazole is a [CYP3A4 Inhibitor] and can increase levels of many other drugs,
including [cisapride, pimozide, dofetilide, and quinidine] which can increase the risk of
[fatal ventricular dysrhythmias]. Other drugs influenced by CYP3A4 inhibition include
[cyclosporine, digoxin, warfarin, and sulfonylureas].
Therapeutic Uses of Caspofungin (Cancidas) - ANSWER-- antifungal agents.
-the echinocandins disrupt the fungal cell wall. Caspofungin is better tolerated than
amphotericin b with similar efficacy.
* Therapeutic Use: Systemic Fungal Infections: Caspofungin is approved for IV therapy
of invasive aspergillosis in clients unresponsive or intolerant to amphotericin b or
itraconazole or systemic candida infections, including candidemia and candida-related
peritonitis, pleural space infections, and intraabdominal abscesses.
Adverse Effects of Caspofungin - ANSWER-- Histamine-Mediated Reaction: Rash, facial
flush, pruritis
- Phlebitis
, - Fever, Headache, rashes, N/V
Griseofulvin Indications - ANSWER-- dermatophytic infections of the skin and nails that do
not respond to topical therapy
- treat tinea barbae, tinea capitis, tinea corporis, and tinea
- Onychomycosis
- effective against fungal infections caused by Trichophyton spp., Epidermophyton
floccosum, Microsporum audouini, Microsporum canis, and Microsporum gypseum.
Oral Terbinafine (Lamisil) Indications - ANSWER-* systemic fungal infections like tinea and
onychomycosis.
Azole Use in Older Adults - ANSWER-* Plasma levels of commonly prescribed medications
in older adults (such as warfarin, phenytoin, and oral hypoglycemic agents) are
increased by azoles. Medication reconciliation and safety with poly-pharmacy practice
should be prioritized.
Tinea Pedis Treatment - ANSWER-Terbinafine (Lamisil)
Treatment Choice for Systemic Mycoses - ANSWER-Nystatin (mycostatin)
Acyclovir MOA - ANSWER-Acyclovir inhibits viral DNA synthesis by undergoing activation
to acyclo−guanosine monophosphate (GMP) via the thymidine kinase enzyme. GMP is
then converted to acyclo−guanosine triphosphate (GTP) which then inhibits viral DNA
polymerase and gets incorporated into viral DNA, blocking further DNA chain growth.
Acyclovir Indication - ANSWER-Herpes Simplex Virus
Varicella Zoster Virus -For varicella (chickenpox) in children, adolescents, and adults,
and herpes zoster (shingles) in older adults, high doses of oral acyclovir are effective,
especially when treatment is initiated within 24 hours of rash onset to reduce pain and
accelerate healing.
Cytomegalovirus
