Hungary Entrance Exam: Biology TEST BANK PRACTICE
QUESTIONS EXAM 2026/2027 AND HIGH YIELD PRACTICE
QUESTIONS COMPLETE ACCURATE EXAM APPROVED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS (100%
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS) CURRENTLY UPDATED
VERSION 2026 EDITION
What is meant by the term virion
The inactive state of a virus particle that becomes activated when the
cellular biochemistry is taken over
How does a virus take over cellular biochemistry
1. Inserts viral genome into the host cells
2. Replicates inside the host
3. Producing proteins that assemble to form virions
Draw the structure of a bacteriophage
What is meant by positive sense RNA
RNA that is directly translated into a functional protein
,What is meant by negative sense RNA
RNA that acts as a template forming a complimentary strand and used as
a template for protein synthesis
How does HIV replicate?
Binds to the CD4 receptor in a T-helper cell and fuses with the cell
membrane
The viral RNA is released into the cell
RNA is converted to DNA via reverse transcriptase
Integrase integrates the viral DNA in the cell genome
Viral progeny are produced
HIV proteins and RNA assemble to form HIV
HIV is pushed out via exocytosis
,What are the stages of the lytic cycle
1. Virus attaches to host cell
2. Virus injects its DNA or takes over the cells biochemistry
3. Viral DNA is replicated
4. This produces more viruses within the host cell
5. Lysozymes are released
6. The host cell breaks down (lysis) and new phages are released
What is the process of the lysogenic cycle
1). Complex virus attaches
2). Virus injects phage DNA
3). Phage DNA integrates with bacterial chromosomes, becoming a
prophage.
4). Bacterium divides along with the prophage
5). Prophage may excise from the host chromosome, initiating a lytic
cycle
What are the stages of interphase
G1, S, G2
What happens in the G1 phase
Cell growth
What happens in the S phase
DNA replication and histone proteins are produced
, What happens in the G2 phase
Cell grows further and organelles and proteins are produced
What are the checkpoints of the cell cycle
G1 checkpoint, G2 checkpoint, M checkpoint
What is the G1 checkpoint
Cell Size and DNA is checked before replication
What is the G2 checkpoint
DNA damage is checked after replication
What is the M checkpoint
checks if spindle fibres are attached to the kinetochore
Which enzyme regulates all the checkpoints
CDK'S
What happens during prophase
Spindle fibres are produced, the nuclear envelope breaks down and the
chromosomes condense
What happens during Metaphase
chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell thus forming an
equatorial plate
QUESTIONS EXAM 2026/2027 AND HIGH YIELD PRACTICE
QUESTIONS COMPLETE ACCURATE EXAM APPROVED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS (100%
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS) CURRENTLY UPDATED
VERSION 2026 EDITION
What is meant by the term virion
The inactive state of a virus particle that becomes activated when the
cellular biochemistry is taken over
How does a virus take over cellular biochemistry
1. Inserts viral genome into the host cells
2. Replicates inside the host
3. Producing proteins that assemble to form virions
Draw the structure of a bacteriophage
What is meant by positive sense RNA
RNA that is directly translated into a functional protein
,What is meant by negative sense RNA
RNA that acts as a template forming a complimentary strand and used as
a template for protein synthesis
How does HIV replicate?
Binds to the CD4 receptor in a T-helper cell and fuses with the cell
membrane
The viral RNA is released into the cell
RNA is converted to DNA via reverse transcriptase
Integrase integrates the viral DNA in the cell genome
Viral progeny are produced
HIV proteins and RNA assemble to form HIV
HIV is pushed out via exocytosis
,What are the stages of the lytic cycle
1. Virus attaches to host cell
2. Virus injects its DNA or takes over the cells biochemistry
3. Viral DNA is replicated
4. This produces more viruses within the host cell
5. Lysozymes are released
6. The host cell breaks down (lysis) and new phages are released
What is the process of the lysogenic cycle
1). Complex virus attaches
2). Virus injects phage DNA
3). Phage DNA integrates with bacterial chromosomes, becoming a
prophage.
4). Bacterium divides along with the prophage
5). Prophage may excise from the host chromosome, initiating a lytic
cycle
What are the stages of interphase
G1, S, G2
What happens in the G1 phase
Cell growth
What happens in the S phase
DNA replication and histone proteins are produced
, What happens in the G2 phase
Cell grows further and organelles and proteins are produced
What are the checkpoints of the cell cycle
G1 checkpoint, G2 checkpoint, M checkpoint
What is the G1 checkpoint
Cell Size and DNA is checked before replication
What is the G2 checkpoint
DNA damage is checked after replication
What is the M checkpoint
checks if spindle fibres are attached to the kinetochore
Which enzyme regulates all the checkpoints
CDK'S
What happens during prophase
Spindle fibres are produced, the nuclear envelope breaks down and the
chromosomes condense
What happens during Metaphase
chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell thus forming an
equatorial plate
