BSN 215 Pediatric HESI Case Study Fluid and Electrolytes
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What are the principles of fluid balance?
A. Infants have a greater percent of fluid in the extracellular
compartment compared to adults therefore, they have greater and more
rapid fluid losses.
B. Due to their small size, infants have a smaller body surface area for
loss of insensible fluid compared to adults.
C. Because infants have a greater body surface area than adults, they
have a higher basal metabolic rate than adults.
D. An infant's kidney concentrates and dilutes solute efficiently at birth.
Infants have a greater percent of fluid in the extracellular compartment
compared to adults; therefore, they have greater and more rapid fluid
losses
,The infant now weighs 3.4 kg. Referencing the fluid composition chart,
what is the infant's daily maintenance fluid requirement? (Enter numerical
value only. If rounding is necessary, round to the nearest whole number.)
Body Weight
1 to 10 kg
11 to 20 kg
>20kg
Amount of Fluid Per Day
100 mL/kg
1000mL plus 50mL/kg for each kg>10kg
1500 mL plus 20mL/kg for each kg >20kg
340
3.4 kg x 100 mL/kg = 340 mL. After the neonatal period, infants weighing 1
to 10 kg require 100 mL/kg of maintenance fluids per day. Fluid losses
such as vomiting, diarrhea, or fever are added to this calculation.
, Section 2
Safe and Effective Care: Management of Care - At 3-weeks of age, the
caregiver brings their infant to the clinic with signs of "increased
sleepiness and decreased interaction." A detailed history reveals the
family is diluting the formula every day in an attempt to make the formula
last longer, due to limited financial resources. The family is also
supplementing feedings with plain water.
The nurse suspects the infant may be experiencing water intoxication.
Which findings confirm this assessment? (Select all that apply. One, some,
or all options may be correct.)
A. Weak, slow pulse
B. Irritability
C. Specific gravity of 1.005.
D. Moist rales bilaterally
E. Sodium level of 140 mEq/L (140 mmol/L)
Irritability (Lethargy or irritability characterize water intoxication.)
Specific Gravity of 1.005 (Low specific gravity indicates diulte urine and is
associated with water intoxication.)
Moist Rales Bilaterally (Moist rales will be heard due to fluid excess.)
EXAM 2026 || MOST RECENT EXAM 2026|2027 ACTUAL
COMPLETE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+ |
GUARANTEED SUCCES!! NEWEST EXAM | JUST RELEASED!!
Nightingale College
What are the principles of fluid balance?
A. Infants have a greater percent of fluid in the extracellular
compartment compared to adults therefore, they have greater and more
rapid fluid losses.
B. Due to their small size, infants have a smaller body surface area for
loss of insensible fluid compared to adults.
C. Because infants have a greater body surface area than adults, they
have a higher basal metabolic rate than adults.
D. An infant's kidney concentrates and dilutes solute efficiently at birth.
Infants have a greater percent of fluid in the extracellular compartment
compared to adults; therefore, they have greater and more rapid fluid
losses
,The infant now weighs 3.4 kg. Referencing the fluid composition chart,
what is the infant's daily maintenance fluid requirement? (Enter numerical
value only. If rounding is necessary, round to the nearest whole number.)
Body Weight
1 to 10 kg
11 to 20 kg
>20kg
Amount of Fluid Per Day
100 mL/kg
1000mL plus 50mL/kg for each kg>10kg
1500 mL plus 20mL/kg for each kg >20kg
340
3.4 kg x 100 mL/kg = 340 mL. After the neonatal period, infants weighing 1
to 10 kg require 100 mL/kg of maintenance fluids per day. Fluid losses
such as vomiting, diarrhea, or fever are added to this calculation.
, Section 2
Safe and Effective Care: Management of Care - At 3-weeks of age, the
caregiver brings their infant to the clinic with signs of "increased
sleepiness and decreased interaction." A detailed history reveals the
family is diluting the formula every day in an attempt to make the formula
last longer, due to limited financial resources. The family is also
supplementing feedings with plain water.
The nurse suspects the infant may be experiencing water intoxication.
Which findings confirm this assessment? (Select all that apply. One, some,
or all options may be correct.)
A. Weak, slow pulse
B. Irritability
C. Specific gravity of 1.005.
D. Moist rales bilaterally
E. Sodium level of 140 mEq/L (140 mmol/L)
Irritability (Lethargy or irritability characterize water intoxication.)
Specific Gravity of 1.005 (Low specific gravity indicates diulte urine and is
associated with water intoxication.)
Moist Rales Bilaterally (Moist rales will be heard due to fluid excess.)
