BIOSTATISTICS COMPREHENSIVE EXAM 2026/2027
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Categorical variable - ✔✔has no numerical representation
✔✔dichotomous variable - ✔✔places data in only 2 groups
✔✔The higher the level of data the ________ info. it conveys about the differences
among values. - ✔✔more
✔✔Nominal scale is if it is present or not, has no ____________ relationship, has
names for conditions but no ___________.
Example: Angles class to malocclusion - ✔✔numeric, rank
✔✔Ordinal Scale are ranked but the differences between categories are not
____________. differences in rank are not necessarily _______________ in value. -
✔✔specified, equal
✔✔Interval Scale is when data is organized into categories and ________. Categories
have a mathematically relationship with __________________ value. - ✔✔ranked,
equal
✔✔Ratio Scale is a scale of measurement that is the same as interval scale but the
number scales have a mathematical relationship to ________________. - ✔✔each
other
✔✔Categorical & dichotomous use _______________ & ___________________ scales
- ✔✔nominal and ordinal
✔✔Discrete and continuous use _________________ or _________________ -
✔✔interval or ratio
✔✔Discrete and continuous can be converted to ____________ or __________. -
✔✔nominal or ordinal
✔✔Descriptive Statistics consists of the procedures that are used to summarize,
organize and ____________ quantitative data. Described with ____________ &
___________. - ✔✔describe, Graphs and Tables
✔✔Inferential Statistics are used to make inferences or __________________ about a
population based on data taken from a sample of that population.
Also called - ✔✔generalizations. Making statistical decisions
, ✔✔Median can describe ratio, interval or ordinal data but not _______________. -
✔✔Nominal
✔✔Mode is the value that occurs most often and can describe ____________ kinds of
data. - ✔✔all
✔✔Measures of dispersion measure - ✔✔variability
✔✔Measures of dispersion communicates how much ___________ is present in a
group of data. - ✔✔variation
✔✔Measures of dispersion include _____________, _____________,
______________ - ✔✔Range, Variance, and Standard deviation
✔✔Range is the ___________ and least helpful measurement and usually reported with
__________ - ✔✔simplest & median
✔✔Variance represents the _________________ distance of each score of the mean. -
✔✔average
✔✔Standard deviation is the square root of the ___________ - ✔✔variance
✔✔Standard deviation is the most ____________ and __________ measures of
dispersion. - ✔✔common & useful
✔✔Standard deviation is usually report with the ______ to calculate data intervals. -
✔✔mean
✔✔Normal distribution is a _____________ - ✔✔Bell-Curve
✔✔most occurrences in the world fall into a - ✔✔Bell- curve
✔✔A bell curve explains why most random variables tend to be distributed __________
- ✔✔Normally
✔✔A bell curve is when _______, _________, ___________ are in equal value -
✔✔mean median and mode
✔✔Central limit theorem is when less sampling error occurs because of a
______________ sample size. 30 or more will estimate the population ___________ -
✔✔large, accurately
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Categorical variable - ✔✔has no numerical representation
✔✔dichotomous variable - ✔✔places data in only 2 groups
✔✔The higher the level of data the ________ info. it conveys about the differences
among values. - ✔✔more
✔✔Nominal scale is if it is present or not, has no ____________ relationship, has
names for conditions but no ___________.
Example: Angles class to malocclusion - ✔✔numeric, rank
✔✔Ordinal Scale are ranked but the differences between categories are not
____________. differences in rank are not necessarily _______________ in value. -
✔✔specified, equal
✔✔Interval Scale is when data is organized into categories and ________. Categories
have a mathematically relationship with __________________ value. - ✔✔ranked,
equal
✔✔Ratio Scale is a scale of measurement that is the same as interval scale but the
number scales have a mathematical relationship to ________________. - ✔✔each
other
✔✔Categorical & dichotomous use _______________ & ___________________ scales
- ✔✔nominal and ordinal
✔✔Discrete and continuous use _________________ or _________________ -
✔✔interval or ratio
✔✔Discrete and continuous can be converted to ____________ or __________. -
✔✔nominal or ordinal
✔✔Descriptive Statistics consists of the procedures that are used to summarize,
organize and ____________ quantitative data. Described with ____________ &
___________. - ✔✔describe, Graphs and Tables
✔✔Inferential Statistics are used to make inferences or __________________ about a
population based on data taken from a sample of that population.
Also called - ✔✔generalizations. Making statistical decisions
, ✔✔Median can describe ratio, interval or ordinal data but not _______________. -
✔✔Nominal
✔✔Mode is the value that occurs most often and can describe ____________ kinds of
data. - ✔✔all
✔✔Measures of dispersion measure - ✔✔variability
✔✔Measures of dispersion communicates how much ___________ is present in a
group of data. - ✔✔variation
✔✔Measures of dispersion include _____________, _____________,
______________ - ✔✔Range, Variance, and Standard deviation
✔✔Range is the ___________ and least helpful measurement and usually reported with
__________ - ✔✔simplest & median
✔✔Variance represents the _________________ distance of each score of the mean. -
✔✔average
✔✔Standard deviation is the square root of the ___________ - ✔✔variance
✔✔Standard deviation is the most ____________ and __________ measures of
dispersion. - ✔✔common & useful
✔✔Standard deviation is usually report with the ______ to calculate data intervals. -
✔✔mean
✔✔Normal distribution is a _____________ - ✔✔Bell-Curve
✔✔most occurrences in the world fall into a - ✔✔Bell- curve
✔✔A bell curve explains why most random variables tend to be distributed __________
- ✔✔Normally
✔✔A bell curve is when _______, _________, ___________ are in equal value -
✔✔mean median and mode
✔✔Central limit theorem is when less sampling error occurs because of a
______________ sample size. 30 or more will estimate the population ___________ -
✔✔large, accurately
