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1. The Normal
Cell Cycle
-The cell cycle refers to the ordered seres of processes of DNA replication
and mitosis, or cell division
-Cell nucleus regulates these processes by gathering and processing
complexes molecular information
2. Interphase and Mi- Cell division produces two identical cells through these two major
phases
totic Phase
3. During interphase: Cell grows and DNA is replicated through the following three steps:
1: First growth phase (G1 or first
gap) 2: Synthesis phase (S
phase) 3:Mitotic Phse (M
phase)
4. First Growth Phase -cells increase in size
(G1 or first gap)
-reproduce RNA
-"quality assurance" test that the cell will be ready to synthesis DNA
-Length of time is variable, can be from hours to days
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5.
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Synthesis Phase (S
-DNA replicates
phase)
-Results in the formation of identical pairs of DNA (chromatids)
-which are attached a t the centromere
-lasts 2-10 hours
6. Mitotic Phase
-Replicated chromosomes are aligned, separated, and move into 2 new,
(M phase)
iden-tical daughter cells
-takes about 30-60 minutes
7. Major points of cell -G1 checkpoint
regulation are en-
try and exit -S Phase
from
-G2 checkpoint
-M phase
8. Restriction Point -The transition from the resting phase into an actively dividing phase
(G0-G1)
is a point where cellular transformation can occur
-During this time, cells pass through a transition phase known as a
restriction point
-Extracellular growth factors trigger reentry into G1, and GF are
required to send the cells past the restriction point, or the point
of no return
9. G0 Phase -After mitosis, cells may enter back into the G1 phase or go into a resting
(resting phase)
phase, known as G0
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-Most cells in the human
body reside in G0