NUR 198 Exam 4 Study Guide – Joyce University
Latest 2026 Update | Renal & Hepatic Disorders |
Questions with Correct Answers and Rationales |
INSTANT PDF DOWNLOAD
Introduction
This study guide provides practice questions for NUR 198 Exam 4 at Joyce University.
Exam 4 focuses primarily on Renal and Hepatic Disorders, with integration of concepts
from prior modules including :
Renal Disorders – Acute glomerulonephritis, chronic kidney disease/ESRD,
nephrotic syndrome, polycystic kidney disease, nephrotoxic medications
Acid-Base & Electrolyte Imbalances – Hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, metabolic
acidosis
Musculoskeletal Complications – Fat embolism, compartment syndrome,
avascular necrosis, osteomyelitis
Neurological Considerations – Delirium vs. dementia in older adults
Surgical & Post-Operative Care – Amputation care, PCA pumps, chest tubes
Infection Control – Airborne precautions (TB), transmission-based precautions
Each question includes the correct answer in bold and a detailed rationale.
SECTION 1: RENAL DISORDERS – ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS (Questions 1-10)
,1. The nurse is assessing a client for risk factors associated with acute
glomerulonephritis. Which finding should the nurse identify as the primary offender?
A. Recent history of hypertension
B. Streptococcal infection
C. Diabetes mellitus
D. Family history of kidney disease
Rationale: Streptococcus B is the main offender associated with acute glomerulonephritis.
Additional risk factors include recent infection of skin or upper respiratory tract, recent travel
with exposure to bacteria/viruses/fungi/parasites, presence of systemic diseases (Lupus,
Goodpasture syndrome), and recent surgery or illness .
2. Which statement best describes the pathophysiology of acute glomerulonephritis?
A. Obstruction of the ureters causing urine backup into the kidneys
B. Immunologic kidney disorder causing inflammation and injury to the glomerulus
C. Decreased blood flow to the kidneys from hypotension
D. Bacterial infection of the renal pelvis and calyces
Rationale: Acute glomerulonephritis is an immunologic kidney disorder that can start in the
kidneys (genetic basis and immune-inducing inflammation) or be a result of other health
disorders (lupus, diabetic nephropathy). It results in glomerular injury with inflammation to
the main filtering unit (glomerulus) of the kidneys, allowing toxins to build up .
3. A client with acute glomerulonephritis presents with facial edema, dark brown
urine, and hypertension. Which additional manifestation should the nurse expect to
find?
, A. Polyuria
B. Crackles in the lungs
C. Hypotension
D. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Manifestations of acute glomerulonephritis include anorexia, nausea, dysuria,
oliguria (low urine output), fatigue, hypertension, microscopic hematuria, hypervolemia,
JVD, difficulty breathing, crackles, S3 heart sound, weight gain, hematuria (dark brown or
pink urine), edema, azotemia, and proteinuria (foamy urine). Older clients may have
manifestations related to circulatory overload that can be confused with congestive heart
failure .
4. What is the most common cause of acute glomerulonephritis in children?
A. Viral infection
B. Streptococcal infection
C. Staphylococcal infection
D. Fungal infection
Rationale: Streptococcal infection (especially Group A beta-hemolytic strep) is the most
common cause of acute glomerulonephritis in children, typically following a respiratory or
skin infection .
5. A client with acute glomerulonephritis has developed crackles in the lungs, JVD,
and peripheral edema. What is the priority nursing action?
A. Administer antibiotics
B. Monitor for signs of fluid overload and administer diuretics as ordered
Latest 2026 Update | Renal & Hepatic Disorders |
Questions with Correct Answers and Rationales |
INSTANT PDF DOWNLOAD
Introduction
This study guide provides practice questions for NUR 198 Exam 4 at Joyce University.
Exam 4 focuses primarily on Renal and Hepatic Disorders, with integration of concepts
from prior modules including :
Renal Disorders – Acute glomerulonephritis, chronic kidney disease/ESRD,
nephrotic syndrome, polycystic kidney disease, nephrotoxic medications
Acid-Base & Electrolyte Imbalances – Hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, metabolic
acidosis
Musculoskeletal Complications – Fat embolism, compartment syndrome,
avascular necrosis, osteomyelitis
Neurological Considerations – Delirium vs. dementia in older adults
Surgical & Post-Operative Care – Amputation care, PCA pumps, chest tubes
Infection Control – Airborne precautions (TB), transmission-based precautions
Each question includes the correct answer in bold and a detailed rationale.
SECTION 1: RENAL DISORDERS – ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS (Questions 1-10)
,1. The nurse is assessing a client for risk factors associated with acute
glomerulonephritis. Which finding should the nurse identify as the primary offender?
A. Recent history of hypertension
B. Streptococcal infection
C. Diabetes mellitus
D. Family history of kidney disease
Rationale: Streptococcus B is the main offender associated with acute glomerulonephritis.
Additional risk factors include recent infection of skin or upper respiratory tract, recent travel
with exposure to bacteria/viruses/fungi/parasites, presence of systemic diseases (Lupus,
Goodpasture syndrome), and recent surgery or illness .
2. Which statement best describes the pathophysiology of acute glomerulonephritis?
A. Obstruction of the ureters causing urine backup into the kidneys
B. Immunologic kidney disorder causing inflammation and injury to the glomerulus
C. Decreased blood flow to the kidneys from hypotension
D. Bacterial infection of the renal pelvis and calyces
Rationale: Acute glomerulonephritis is an immunologic kidney disorder that can start in the
kidneys (genetic basis and immune-inducing inflammation) or be a result of other health
disorders (lupus, diabetic nephropathy). It results in glomerular injury with inflammation to
the main filtering unit (glomerulus) of the kidneys, allowing toxins to build up .
3. A client with acute glomerulonephritis presents with facial edema, dark brown
urine, and hypertension. Which additional manifestation should the nurse expect to
find?
, A. Polyuria
B. Crackles in the lungs
C. Hypotension
D. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Manifestations of acute glomerulonephritis include anorexia, nausea, dysuria,
oliguria (low urine output), fatigue, hypertension, microscopic hematuria, hypervolemia,
JVD, difficulty breathing, crackles, S3 heart sound, weight gain, hematuria (dark brown or
pink urine), edema, azotemia, and proteinuria (foamy urine). Older clients may have
manifestations related to circulatory overload that can be confused with congestive heart
failure .
4. What is the most common cause of acute glomerulonephritis in children?
A. Viral infection
B. Streptococcal infection
C. Staphylococcal infection
D. Fungal infection
Rationale: Streptococcal infection (especially Group A beta-hemolytic strep) is the most
common cause of acute glomerulonephritis in children, typically following a respiratory or
skin infection .
5. A client with acute glomerulonephritis has developed crackles in the lungs, JVD,
and peripheral edema. What is the priority nursing action?
A. Administer antibiotics
B. Monitor for signs of fluid overload and administer diuretics as ordered
