Week 8 Final Exam: NR566 / NR 566 (Latest 2026 / 2027) Advanced Pharmacology for Care of the Family | Questions & Answers | Grade A | 100% Correct – Chamberlain

Week 8 Final Exam: NR566 / NR 566 (Latest 2026 / 2027) Advanced Pharmacology for Care of the Family | Questions & Answers | Grade A | 100% Correct – Chamberlain Question: Nicotine inhalers are used as a __________ for hand to mouth behavior of ___________ Also has ______ in cigarette-shaped inhaler to mimic sensation of_____ at back of mouth substitute; smoking Answer menthol smoke puffing on it delivers nicotine Question: ____________ is nicotine-free and ___________ nicotine craving and suppresses s/s of withdrawal works by blocking ______ and _____ nicotinic acetylcholine receptors Answer Varenicline decreases alpha and beta Question: _________ activates nicotinic receptors anywhere, especially in autonomic ________ and _______ ___________. also in carotid body and aortic arch, CNS Answer nicotine ganglia adrenal medulla Question: asthmatic pts wanting to stop smoking should NOT use nicotine __________ and nicotine ________ _______ Answer inhaler nasal spray Question: some side effects that can occur with the MMR vaccine are ______ soreness, ___________ and swelling soon after vaccination this can be managed with __________ or ________________. do NOT give these meds before vaccination to prevent discomfort Answer local erythema acetaminophen; ibuprofen Question: _____ vaccine is contraindicated during pregnancy! use with caution in kids with hx of _____________, thrombocytopenic purpura or ________-like reactions to eggs, gelatin or neomycin Answer MMR thrombocytopenia anaphylactic Question: kids with severe ____________ should NOT be given the MMR vaccine Answer immunodeficiency Question: DTaP (diptheria, tetanus,pertussis) is contraindicated if prior vaccination caused an immediate ___________ reaction or _____________ within 7 days of vaccination postpone vaccination in kids with ___________ or severe febrile illness until resolved Answer anaphylactic encephalopathy moderate Question: common adverse effects seen with the DTaP vaccine are low ______, anorexia and drowsiness. local reactions: redness, _____ and _____________ ____________ can be used to decrease fever and pain Answer fever pain; swelling ibuprofen Question: IPV vaccine aka _____ virus vaccine is contraindicated in kids with an allergy to neomycin, ____________ and bacitracin Answer 1st dose is __ months of age 2nd dose is given at ___ months of age 3rd dose is given at ___-___ months of age IPV is devoid of serious adverse effects! polio streptomycin 2 4 6-12 Question: PCV13 or _____________ _________ vaccine is used to prevent invasive ____________diseases in infants and kids PPV or ________________ _________________ vaccine is for adults and high-risk kids ___ years old. NOT for kids 2 y/o! Answer pneumococcal conjugate pneumococcal pneumococcal polysaccharide; 2 Question: If a pt experienced anaphylaxis in reaction to PCV13 vaccine in the past can they get another dose? Answer no Question: Orlistat helps ______ or overweight individuals to lose wt GI side effects like oily __________ leakage happen DT reduced _____ absorption. decrease this incidence by reducing ____ intake dosing with _____________ a bulk-forming laxative can greatly _________ GI effects Answer obese rectal fat fat psyllium reduce Question: ______________ should be DC'd if severe liver damage occurs also has increased RF _____________ if wt loss is substantial orlistat Answer cholelithiasis Orlistat may cause _____________ in pts taking levothyroxine by ____________ absorption of thyroid hormone. give meds ___ hours apart Answer hypothyroidism reducing 4 Orlistat can decrease absorption of ________________. give meds __ hours apart! Answer cyclosporine 3 Sympathomimetics fall into 2 groups: ________________ and __________ 2 noradrenergic meds used for WEIGHT LOSS are phentermine and _____________ Answer amphetamines and non amphetamines diethylpropion amphetamines are NOT considered for weight loss use DT it being highly addictive diethylpropion and ______________ can ___________ alertness, __________ fatigue and induce nervousness and insomnia do not give these meds no later than __ pm because they can interfere with sleep phentermine increase reduce 4 diethylpropion and ______________ are contraindicated in pts with hx of ________ disease, _____thyroidism, drug misuse, recent admin of MAOIs- within the last __ weeks and hypersensitivity/other reactions to ______________ meds phentermine heart hyperthyroidism 2 Sympathomimetic Phentermine/topiramate should NOT be prescribed to pts with severe _________________ impairment hepatic Liraglutide works by supporting ________ loss by slowing gastric emptying and acting on _______ mechanisms that are involved in regulating appetite. weight CNS feeling of fullness that leads to less food intake ___________ is contraindicated in pts with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 or MEN 2. liraglutide do not give ____________ to a pt with a personal or family hx of medullary thyroid carcinoma liraglutide a pt may experience N/V/D and constipation when taking ______________ - give zofran, laxatives, or antidiarrheal if experiencing ________, give pepcid other SE are: HA, ________, weakness, acute pancreatitis liraglutide dyspepsia fatigue Tolerance is common and may be seen in 6-12 weeks when taking __________ if tolerance develops, __________ the drug rather than ____________ the dosage Phentermine discontinue increase Phentermine/topiramate works by antagonizing _________, modulation of y-aminobutyric acid and inhibition of ____________ anhydrase most common adverse effects are ____ mouth, __________, N, blurred vision, ____________ and tingling in the limbs. most serious are __________ impairment, acute myopia with angle closure glaucoma, _____ defects glutamate carbonic dry constipation numbness memory birth _____________/_________ should NOT be prescribed for pts with severe __________ impairment. it is also contraindicated for pts with ______________ or _______thyroidism phentermine/topiramate hepatic glaucoma hyper naltrexone/bupropion is associated with an increased risk for ___________ ideation and suicide attempts in kids, teens and __________ adults this is a _______ _____ warning suicidal young black box ____________/____________ is contraindicated in pts with uncontrolled ______, seizures or __________ disorders like anorexia and bulimia or taking any other meds with bupropion in them naltrexone/bupropion HTN eating pts undergoing alcohol, _____________ or barbiturate withdrawal should NOT take __________/_____________ benzodiazepine naltrexone/bupropion because naltrexone is an _________ antagonist, it'll ___________ the ability of opioid analgesics to relieve pain ____________/_____________ should NOT be taken within ___ weeks of MAOIs (med is for ______ loss) opioid decrease naltrexone/bupropion 2 weight Adverse effects Kava (used to relieve anxiety, promote sleep, and relax muscles) severe liver injury (hepatotoxicity) Adverse effects Ginkgo biloba (used primarily to improve memory, halt progression of dementia, and decrease intermittent claudication.) it causes stomach upset, headache, dizziness, or vertigo, all of which can be minimized by avoiding rapid increases in dosage reports of people eating raw or roasted ginkgo seeds. Unlike ginkgo leaves, the seeds contain significant amounts of toxins and can cause seizures and fatalities. Adverse effects St. John’s wort (used primarily for oral therapy of mild to moderate depression/also been used topically to manage local infection and orally to relieve pain and inflammation) Allergic skin reactions may occur, especially in people allergic to ragweed and daisies the herb may cause CNS effects (e.g., insomnia, vivid dreams, restlessness, anxiety, agitation, and irritability), as well as GI discomfort, fatigue, dry mouth, and headache. High-dose therapy may pose a risk for phototoxicity. To reduce this risk, patients should minimize exposure to sunlight, wear protective clothing, and apply a sunscreen to exposed skin. Adverse effects Ginger root (used primarily to treat vertigo and to suppress nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness, morning sickness, seasickness, and general anesthesia/ anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties that may help people with arthritis) excessive doses (above 5g/d) have the potential to cause CNS depression and cardiac dysrhythmias. Excessive doses may also cause GI disturbances. High-dose ginger is believed to stimulate the uterus and, thus, may theoretically cause spontaneous abortion, although there are no reports of this having happened. Echinacea A patient with what type of condition should not take echinacea? prudent to avoid the drug in patients with autoimmune diseases such as lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis. Flaxseed Patient education about administration/consumption Flaxseed may reduce the absorption of conventional medications. Therefore it should be taken 1 hour before or 2 hours after these drugs. Therapeutic effect Feverfew used primarily for the prophylaxis of migraine. It is also taken for a number of conditions associated with hypersensitivity and altered immune responses, such as allergies, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis. when taken prophylactically, the herb can reduce the frequency of attacks and severity of symptoms (nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, and pain). Therapeutic effect Coenzyme Q-10 • Patients with heart failure who took CoQ-10 had improved cardiac function. • Patients who took CoQ-10 after cardiac surgery had faster recovery. • CoQ-10 may improve sperm count and semen quality; however, further studies are needed to identify an improvement in conception. used to treat heart failure, muscle injury caused by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), and mitochondrial encephalomyopathies (i.e., muscle and nervous system injury caused by deranged mitochondrial metabolism). Laws related to CAM Dietary Supplement and Nonprescription Drug Consumer Protection Act of 2006 mandates the reporting of serious adverse events for nonprescription drugs and dietary supplements. The following events should be reported: deaths, hospitalizations, life-threatening experiences, persistent or significant disabilities, and birth defects. Manufacturers and distributors must report these to the FDA within 15 days. Laws related to CAM Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMP) ruling of 2007 designed to ensure that dietary supplements be devoid of adulterants, contaminants, and impurities and that package labels accurately reflect the identity, purity, quality, and strength of what is inside. In addition, the label should indicate not only active ingredients but also inactive ingredients. The CGMP also mandates that manufacturers establish quality-control procedures, with the objective of preventing mislabeled, underfilled, or overfilled formulations; variations in tablet size, color, or potency; and contamination with drugs, bacteria, pesticides, glass, lead, and other potential contaminants. Laws related to CAM Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994 requires that conventional drugs—both prescription and over-the-counter agents—undergo rigorous evaluation of safety and efficacy before receiving FDA approval for marketing. The DSHEA does impose some restrictions on labeling. All herbal products must be labeled as dietary supplements. In addition, the label must not claim that the product can be used to diagnose, prevent, treat, or cure a disease. In fact, it must state the opposite: this product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. However, the label is allowed to make claims about the product's ability to favorably influence body structure or function. Azithromycin (Ceftriaxone 250 mg intramuscularly in a single dose plus azithromycin 1 gram orally in a single dose is the regimen recommended in the 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines for uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis. These guidelines have since been updated but you may see providers still using old treatment regimens such as this.) Erythromycin Chlamydia Trachomatis Infections Newborns: ophthalmia or pneumonia children 45 kg Erythromycin base/ethylsuccinate, 12.5 mg/kg PO 4 times/day × 14 days Tinidazole Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium 2 g PO once Acyclovir Orolabial HSV: 200 mg five times daily or 400 mg tid for 7–10 days Orolabial HSV in ICH: 400 mg tid for 5–10 days or until lesions have healed Varicella, children under 40 kg: 20 mg/kg per dose four times daily for 5 days Varicella, children over 40 kg and adults: 800 mg four times daily for 5 days Herpes zoster: 800 mg five times daily for 7–10 days