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Define dry eye. - correct ans:it is a relatively common syndrome in age 40 and older characterized by
inadequate tear production.
, What does dry eye occur as a result of? - correct ans:mechanical obstruction, lacrimal gland
malfunction, or mucin deficiency.
Name four things a patient with dry eye might present with. - correct ans:a feeling of sand in the eyes
especially when blinking. Eyes feel hot, irritated, gritty, and are red. They may c/o blurred vision, lack of
tears, excessive tearing, and sensitivity to light. Worsens in smoky or dry environments.
Name four potential differential diagnoses of dry eye. - correct ans:conjunctivitis, blepharitis, hormonal
changes, or age-related changes.
What is epiphora? - correct ans:it is excessive tearing and is often in response to dry eye. It is an
especially common complaint in elderly patients and patients with allergies.
What causes epiphora? - correct ans:lacrimal malfunction, eye irritation, allergies, infection, trauma,
pain, or structural abnormalities, as in ectropion.
What might the patient complaints entail for epiphora? - correct ans:excess tears, eye strain with neck,
shoulder, and back pain.
What are some differential diagnoses for epiphora? - correct ans:allergens, dry eye syndrome, viral or
bacterial conjunctivitis, blocked lacrimal duct, glaucoma.
What is the most important thing for the clinician to know in the case of eye pain? - correct ans:when to
refer the patient to an ophthalmologist.
What is important to differentiate when dealing with eye pain? - correct ans:is the pain from the eye
itself or from one of the surrounding structures.
What is the most common cause of eye pain? - correct ans:trauma.
Name some differential diagnoses for eye pain. - correct ans:referred pain, eyelid disorders,
conjunctivitis, orbital cellulitis, glaucoma