NUR 208 / NUR208 Exam 3 V2 – Mental Health Nursing Review (Latest 2026/2027 Update) | Fortis College | Complete Study Guide | Verified Questions & Answers | 100% Correct Solutions | Grade A

NUR 208 / NUR208 Exam 3 V2 – Mental Health Nursing Review (Latest 2026/2027 Update) | Fortis College | Complete Study Guide | Verified Questions & Answers | 100% Correct Solutions | Grade A The school nurse plans a class in men's health needs in order to: a. balance the amount of information about female health needs. b. encourage the organization of gender-specific health-care providers. c. interest insurance carriers in supporting preventative health measures for men. d. sensitize males to health concerns. sensitize males to health concerns. High schools and junior high schools are now offering classes in money management and parenting for the purpose of: a. keeping adolescents interested in school. b. giving minority populations increased insight to finances. c. helping adolescents transition more easily to adulthood. d. discouraging teen pregnancy. helping adolescents transition more easily to adulthood. Women's health care should include safe-sex practices. The purpose of this is to: a. make sure no unwanted pregnancies occur. b. identify persons who are not using safe-sex practices. c. encourage healthy lifestyles to prevent sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). d. reduce teen pregnancies. encourage healthy lifestyles to prevent sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The health-care worker suspecting a woman who comes to the clinic is in an abusive relationship teaches the woman about partner abuse because the health-care worker knows that all women should be informed: a. about the health-care worker's ethical responsibility to protect women. b. that women's legal rights cannot be controlled by men. c. about the submissive nature of women who stay in abusive relationships. d. about the cycle of violence that indicates once violence begins, it continues and escalates over time. about the cycle of violence that indicates once violence begins, it continues and escalates over time. The college health-care worker planning a health promotion class plans to support the goals of Health People 2020 and focus on: a. nutrition, family planning, and physical fitness. b. vaccine-preventable disease and osteoporosis prevention. c. periodontal disease and chronic lung disease. d. breastfeeding and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) prevention. nutrition, family planning, and physical fitness. 6. The health-care worker planning a men's health clinic at a local college plans to give a priority focus on a booth that will provide information about: a. career counseling. b. family planning. c. immunizations. d. testicular self-examination. testicular self-examination. Using Erikson's developmental stages as a guide, the home health-care worker identifies the person at risk for delayed development as the: a. 22-year-old man finishing his degree at night school so he can work in the daytime to support his wife and child. b. 23-year-old divorced woman in a committed lesbian relationship who works as a medical assistant in a busy physician's office. c. 24-year-old woman who is still living at home and spends most of her time involved in computer social media. d. 25-year-old man living in the garage apartment behind his parent's house as he and his wife work and go to school to finish their advanced degrees. 24-year-old woman who is still living at home and spends most of her time involved in computer social media. At a routine yearly physical, an 18-year-old woman states, "I never check my breasts. I think I am too young to worry about that." The most helpful response would be: a. "There is no need to check your breasts at your age." b. "Most women would be interested in their own health." c. "You should practice checking your breasts the first day of your monthly period." d. "All women should check their breasts every month." "All women should check their breasts every month." An occupational health-care worker is teaching a class of health-promoting behaviors to a group of young adults when a member of the group asks why this class is necessary, since they are all healthy young adults. The health-care worker's best response is: a. "Major health changes occur from young adulthood to middle age, so it is necessary to learn health behaviors to cope with these changes." b. "Because you all will face chronic illness as older adults, you need to learn coping strategies now." c. "Good health habits formed as young adults show striking effects on the prevention of illness and disease as you grow older." d. "In order to maintain your company health insurance, it is necessary for you to attend this class." "Good health habits formed as young adults show striking effects on the prevention of illness and disease as you grow older." The college health-care worker cautions the 20-year-old male about an adverse effect of overtraining, which is: a. excessive secretion of testosterone. b. loss of strength. c. uncontrolled rise in blood glucose. d. reduced libido. loss of strength. A health-care worker preparing a class on nutrition for a group of young adults explains that MyPlate is a nutritional guide that: a. spells out food exchanges. b. recommends that 30% of a plate be fruits and vegetables. c. directs nutritional intake to be 50% protein. d. helps limit portion size. helps limit portion size. Health maintenance instruction during young adulthood should be directed toward: a. preparing for the inevitable physical decline. b. halting age-related physiological changes. c. teaching how to cope with chronic illness. nting illnesses caused by lifestyle choices. preventing illnesses caused by lifestyle choices. A new mother tells the home health-care worker that she feels "really stupid" about caring for her newborn, as her mother-in-law does everything for the baby. The best approach to facilitate instruction would be: a. "Let's talk about what you already know about infant care, then we can plan from there." b. "Tell your mother-in-law that she has to teach you everything she knows." c. "You and your husband should sign up for child-care classes at the YMCA." d. "You and your husband should read up on infant care." "Let's talk about what you already know about infant care, then we can plan from there." 14. Young adulthood, or early adulthood, is most often defined as the time of age 20 years to _____ years. a. 25 b. 30 c. 35 d. 40 40 The goal of intimacy for the young adult means that the young adult has achieved: a. a satisfying sexual relationship. b. an open and trusting relationship with another person. c. a casual relationship with several close friends. d. a clear sense of identity. an open and trusting relationship with another person. The signs of a mid-life crisis" in a 39-year-old man suggest that he may be experiencing the negative influence of Levinson's stage of: a. structure period. b. concrete period. c. operational phase. d. transitional phase. transitional phase. According to Piaget, the stage of development that is necessary for effective problem-solving skills in adulthood is the _______________ stage. a. integrative b. preoperational c. concrete operational d. post-formal operational post-formal operational According to Kohlberg, young adults should develop moral reasoning as they mature; this moral reasoning is characterized by: a. conforming to rules to gain recognition or reward. b. taking responsibility for care of others. c. obeying rules to avoid punishment. d. maintaining a sense of life achievement. taking responsibility for care of others. A young woman pregnant with her first child is in the second trimester. The health-care worker will direct instruction toward: a. detailed information about the birth process. b. possible abnormalities of the fetus. c. preparations about the physical environment for the expected infant. d. birth-control measures after delivery. preparations about the physical environment for the expected infant. A woman in the third trimester of pregnancy expresses fear about her impending labor and how she will manage. The best response would be: a. "Don't worry about it, you'll do fine." b. "Labor is scary to think about, but the actual experience isn't." c. "You can have an epidural. You won't feel anything." d. "It's normal to be anxious. Let's go over what happens after you are admitted." "It's normal to be anxious. Let's go over what happens after you are admitted." A young adult man says that his 3-year-old son wants to do many things the parent thinks is dangerous. The most helpful suggesting the health-care worker could give about this toddler's behavior is: a. "Let him do what he wants. He won't break." b. "Allow him his independence, but keep an eye out for safety." c. "Your child should be limited in his explorations as his judgment is immature." d. "Parents of toddlers need to continue to do things for their children." "Allow him his independence, but keep an eye out for safety." Teaching to increase self care is effective when the adult learner makes which statement? a. "I'll do whatever you say; you're the professional." b. "I don't think I can quit smoking." c. "I exercise for 30 minutes 5 times a week." d. "What do you think I should do?" "I exercise for 30 minutes 5 times a week." Health maintenance during middle adulthood should be directed toward: preventing illnesses due to lifestyle and physiological changes. According to Erikson, the primary task of middle adulthood is contributing positively to family and community, also known as _________________. Failure to achieve this task may result in stagnation. generativity A 50-year-old woman visits the women's health clinic stating her last menstrual period was 6 months ago. Since that time, she has been experiencing palpitations and hot flashes. The health care worker should suspect that her symptoms are related to: menopause. Many middle-aged adults desire to return to school to continue an education interrupted by career, family, and childrearing. When counseling these adults, an important factor to consider is that: it may take more time to learn and assimilate new material, but once learned, the content is remembered with greater accuracy. When assessing a middle-aged person, the health-care worker should be sensitive to the fact that these persons are uniquely challenged by: attempting to meet the needs of both their children and their parents. While discussing health promotion and maintenance to a group of middle-aged men, the health care worker advises that men should make as a priority to have an annual: screen for prostate cancer. To enhance success for health teaching to middle-aged adults, the health-care worker should: provide information related to health concerns and stressors common to the age-group. A middle-aged man says that he is taking up a strenuous exercise program to increase his testosterone level and his libido. The best response to this information would be: "Excessive exercise may actually decrease your testosterone level." The term climacteric refers to a time in life in which: men have a decrease in libido. A 52-year-old woman who is recently divorced and has just sent her last child to college says she just does not understand why she is feeling so "low and alone." She states she is not sleeping well and has no energy for anything. These most likely are symptoms of: the "empty nest" syndrome related to the children being gone from home and stress from the recent divorce. A middle-aged man is considering testosterone replacement therapy to increase his strength and sense of well-being. A deficit of testosterone therapy is that the therapy: does not correct erectile dysfunction. A 55-year-old man has recently purchased a sports car, had a hair transplant, and taken up skydiving as a hobby. The term for this behavior as an attempt to challenge the inevitability of the future is known as: midlife crisis. Middle adulthood is considered the period of development after young adulthood but before retirement and is categorized as age 40 to _____ years. 60 The health-care worker clarifies that the concept of generativity means that the middle adult: contributes positively to family and community. As adults move from middle adulthood into older and late adulthood, a productive level of functioning is more likely to be maintained if the person feels: useful and loved. A middle-aged woman says that her husband does not seem to want to make love to her anymore. She says he makes excuses every night and she is afraid he no longer loves her. The health-care worker recognizes that most likely: he is concerned about his sexual performance and is afraid to try for fear of failure. To help the older adult maintain independence, Healthy People 2020 advocates the promotion of services that provide: transportation. The home health-care worker recognizes that memory loss related to depression as compared to normal age-related memory loss is that depression-related memory loss: has a rapid onset. The home health care worker suggests a lifestyle change that would be supportive to memory retention such as: completing a crossword puzzle. The most effective nursing intervention for health promotion in the older adult is primarily focused on: teaching positive health behaviors. The health-care worker is taking the health history of an older adult with the assistance of the patient's daughter, who is the caregiver. The assessment that would suggest that the patient may be abused is the: daughter has little knowledge of the patient's medical condition. The health-care worker identifies age-related memory impairment in the older adult who says: "I forget the names of movie stars more often now, but I can remember them later." When access to health care is blocked, the major negative impact is that: preventative health-care measures are neglected. When teaching an older adult, the health-care worker promotes learning by providing: information that relates to the person's actual experiences. A 65-year-old woman who recently lost her husband comes to the clinic for her first examination in 5 years. To facilitate a positive health-care experience, the health-care worker should: listen carefully and allow for extra time for her health history interview. To prevent or decrease age-related postmenopausal osteoporosis, the health-care worker recommends that the 66-year-old woman include in her lifestyle: performing regular aerobic, weight-bearing exercise. The health-care worker recommends cardiovascular screening for the 60-year-old man who: has a high low-density lipid level. When a 66-year-old woman comes into the health clinic complaining of dyspareunia, the sensitive health-care worker would: ask, "Has this affected your sexual activity?" In cultures in which respect and inclusion of the older adult in family life is the norm, the older adult demonstrates greater: emotional competency. The health-care worker plans to use the CAGE alcohol use assessment tool to assess the older adult. This tool is a questionnaire consisting of _____ questions. 4 A 70-year-old woman has been newly diagnosed with cancer. She says that if the treatment is not successful, she has had a productive life and will have no regrets. This is: indication of a satisfactory and fulfilling life. A provision of the controversial Health Care Affordability Act of 2010 was to: provide wider health-care coverage. When discussing the basic needs for the older adult, the health-care worker uses the term ___________ to indicate effective interactions. competence When planning health promotion classes for people in late adulthood, the health-care worker should include information about: stress management. When a 65-year-old woman comes to the health clinic with postmenopausal symptoms, the health-care worker will encourage a high dietary intake of: calcium. The home health care worker will make a point to make frequent blood pressure assessments on a 67-year-old man who has been put on a new hypertensive drug because the older adult: has decreased liver and kidney function. The term geriatrics refers to the study of: biological, psychological, physiological, and sociological aspects of aging. The theory of aging that attributes the age-related cellular changes to an unpaired ion is the theory of: free radical. Columbia University developed an assessment tool for persons with Alzheimer's that: aids in the planning of care for the person with Alzheimer's disease. In cultures where ageism prevails, the elderly are: avoided and made to feel useless. The White House Conference of 2005 stimulated the: passing of the Older American Act, which supported long-term care strategies. A woman tells the health-care worker that her 85-year-old father is frequently confused about medication doses and frequently forgets to take his medicines. He usually eats crackers for dinner and sweet snacks for lunch. The daughter lives in a two-bedroom apartment with her two children and works full time. The health-care worker suggests that the most appropriate placement for him would be in: an assisted-living home. The health-care worker recommends the utilization of a senior center for a 79-year-old widow because in addition to a meal, a senior center can provide: a venue for socialization. A health-care worker passing an open door sees a nursing home resident having sexual intercourse with another resident. The most appropriate response is to say: "Let me shut the door to give you more privacy." A 70-year-old man retired 6 months ago after a long career as a newsman. His wife tells the health-care worker that she is concerned because her husband has stopped going to church, turned over the bill-paying duties to her, and spends most of the time listening to the radio. The health-care worker recognizes this as: signs of disengagement and possible early depression. Among the goals for the aged from Healthy People 2020 is an increased access for the elderly to acquire: preventative health-care services. An appropriate strategy when teaching geriatric adults is to: ask them to repeat what they heard because of possible hearing deficits. An appropriate nursing action helpful to older adults with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is to: encourage confidence in the elder as a competent manager of the disease. An elder who lives alone at home says to the home health care worker, "My children haven't visited me in weeks, and I've had no phone calls either. I don't even have any news about my new granddaughter. I think they have forgotten me." Which response would be most helpful at this time? "It sounds as if you are feeling a little neglected at this time." When developing a teaching plan for elders, the health-care worker may include family members and significant others because: family support affects the elder's sense of well-being. An important consideration in the rehabilitation of a geriatric patient to prevent loss of function from inactivity and immobility is: performing active exercises daily. The health-care worker is planning a discussion about sexual responses in the aging population. The health-care worker would make a point to include information relative to that fact that males retain their fertility into the eighth decade of life. Because of changes in the blood vessels, which become narrow with fatty deposits, the geriatric elder is at risk for: stroke. The immune theory of aging proposes that: the aging person's immune system cannot differentiate between healthy and defective cells and destroys both kinds. The term old-old senescence is categorized as a person who is: 85 to 99 years of age. During an assessment, an 80-year-old man says that his wife died a year ago, his only child moved to another city, and he recently moved into an apartment in a new neighborhood so he stays indoors most of the time and watches TV. This man: may be at risk for suicide. When planning health-promotion classes for geriatric adults, the health-care worker should include information pertinent to: safe home environment, immunizations. Regarding cataracts, the most important point is that they: are a normal part of aging; most older people have cataracts in both eyes. An 83-year-old senior in a nursing home spends a great deal of time telling stories about past accomplishments and life experiences. The health-care worker recognizes that: reminiscing about positive life experiences is therapeutic and helps bring a feeling of achievement and satisfaction to the elder adult. Interventions to promote health in the geriatric elder that follow the goals of Healthy People 2020 are primarily focused on: teaching positive health behaviors. The sensitive health-care worker can demonstrate therapeutic presence by: remaining near the patient and family. The statement that best depicts the preschooler's understanding of death is: "I know that my brother got taken because I had a fight with him." A 90-year-old West Indian man is dying, and 20 family members fill the hall as they try to crowd into the room. The culturally competent health-care worker will: move out unnecessary furniture to make room for the family. The health-care worker can support grieving families at the time of death by: allowing the family time to stay with the loved one after the death. When parents ask if their school-age child should attend the funeral of their grandmother, the health-care worker would base a response on the understanding that attendance will: provide an closure for the child. The primary goal of end-of-life care is: comfort and care to promote death with dignity. A terminally ill patient is unresponsive and having periods of apnea. The patient's family is arguing at the bedside about where the funeral should be held. The health-care worker should: take the family members aside and explain that the patient may be able to hear them. The document naming the person or persons who should make health-care decisions if a patient cannot make informed decisions for him- or herself is the: durable power of attorney. The grieving mother whose adolescent son died last week tells the home health-care worker that her 5-year-old has begun to wet the bed. The health-care worker's most helpful response would be: "Regression to less mature forms of behavior are not unusual after a death." The health-care worker caring for a dying 78-year-old Hispanic woman understands that in Hispanic families when death is near, the family will: prohibit pregnant women and children from the bedside. As a Native American elder is dying, a young health-care worker complains to her supervisor that the eldest son is not at his father's bedside and is nowhere to be found. The culturally competent health-care worker responds: "He is observing his own private grieving away from his dying father." When the treatment for a 12-year-old child with terminal cancer needs to shift from cure to palliation, the health-care worker reminds the family it is important that they should: explain this new approach in age-appropriate terms. When a terminally ill patient says, "I feel that death is just around the corner," the most appropriate response would be: "Is this feeling something you would like to talk about?" A dying patient becomes withdrawn and verbally uncommunicative. Relatives try to cheer him up, which is most indicative of: failure to recognize the patient's need to openly express his grief. The health-care worker assesses a normal response in a dying 8-year-old boy who says: "I will miss my mom and dad, but my grandmother in heaven will take care of me." When caring for a terminally ill patient, health-care workers are permitted to provide interventions that: offer pain relief to the dying person even if there is a risk death will occur. The school-age siblings of a dying child should be: involved in the plan of care for their sibling. The best practice in promoting quality of life for a terminally ill 10-year-old child would be: allowing the child to return to his or her regular classroom. Denial is a common reaction to the diagnosis of a terminal illness, because the use of this defense mechanism: is helpful to adaptation. Patients and families progress through various stages of reactions when a diagnosis of a terminal illness is made. After the helplessness phase, a period of adjustment usually follows. This phase i guilt. An 8-year-old child with a terminal illness is returning to school after having received treatment that has caused hair and weight loss. The most appropriate action by the school nurse would be to: prepare the child's classmates and teachers for changes they can expect. A young Cambodian man has just arrived at the hospital from the airport to find that his father has already died. His family members are all praying at the bedside. The culturally competent health-care worker would offer the young man a(n): white hospital gown to wear. A terminally ill patient in hospice care says that she plans to attend her grandson's college graduation 5 months from now. This patient: is in denial about her condition. has unrealistic expectations about the length of time she has left. will probably live to attend the graduation. is only offering her family false hope and should stop planning an event so far in the future. will probably live to attend the graduation. A terminally ill man tells the health-care worker, "I have never believed in God or in an afterlife, but now it really doesn't seem so bad." The health-care worker assesses that this man has reached the dying state of: acceptance. A school-age child is diagnosed with a terminal illness. The parents want to protect their child from knowing the seriousness of the illness. The health-care worker should explain that: truthfulness in understandable terms is the most supportive approach. A psychological death occurs begins when the: person is informed of a terminal illness. The health-care worker enters the room of a patient who has just been diagnosed with a terminal illness. The son is highly agitated and tearfully screams, "I am taking my dad out of this place and take him somewhere where people actually care what happens to him!" The most helpful response would be: "I can understand your angry feelings." The best description of therapeutic communication related to terminally ill patients and their families would be that it is a(n): interaction that involves accepting the patient's emotional responses. A terminally ill person has elected to stop receiving curative treatment and has requested no cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The family is very upset by this decision and wants to override the patient's decision. The best response to the family is: "According to the dying person's bill of rights, your relative has the right to make this decision." The family of a terminally ill Hindu patient requests that all life support equipment be removed, as per the wishes of the patient, and the loved one discharged to their care at home. The health care worker points out that: "I know that you and your loved one will be more comfortable at home; I will do what I can to expedite the process." A grief reaction that interferes with life's functions is: dysfunctional grief. After giving birth to a stillborn baby, the woman says, "I just painted the baby's room. Do you think that had an influence on my baby's death?" The best response to this woman is: "I can understand your need to find an answer to what caused this." The statement that would be least therapeutic to say to the bereaved mother at the death of her infant son would be: "Fortunately he is not suffering anymore." After the death of an 80-year-old Jewish man, the health-care worker is aware that while the family is waiting for the funeral home to come for the body, the deceased is: never left alone. never left alone. a curl of the baby's hair. The health-care worker can provide the best support to a family experiencing anticipatory grief related to the imminent death of a loved one by: being available to the family. A man whose wife died 6 months ago says that he sometimes still "hears" his wife's voice and has trouble sleeping and does not feel like socializing. The health-care worker recognizes that: these complaints are part of a normal grief response. Several health-care workers have requested to attend the funeral of a patient for whom they felt especially close. The supervisor recognizes that attending the funeral is: appropriate, because it can assist in the resolution of personal grief. While doing final preparations for a Hindu woman to be picked up by the funeral home, the health-care worker observes a thread tied around the corpse's wrist and a basil leaf in her mouth. These items: should be left in place. When a dying 90-year-old woman gives her rosary to her granddaughter, this gift should be viewed as a: legacy. When the shocked father of a 17-year-old who committed suicide says, "We should have seen this coming. I feel so guilty." The most therapeutic response would be: "This must be awful for you. Tell me about your son." The parents of a 7-year-old are concerned because their child, upon being informed about the death of his grandmother, said, "Nana is mean. I don't love her anymore!" This behavior is: a normal reaction. The most therapeutic communication to use with a bereaved family should reflect: acknowledgment of the loss. A widow of 10 months says that she has started sleeping better, is going out more with friends, and can talk about her husband without feeling so lost and angry. The health-care worker recognizes that this represents: the beginning of the "letting-go" process. After the death of their child in the emergency room following a hit-and-run automobile accident, the mother says, "God is dead for me. God is as dead as my child. I will not worship a dead god!" The most helpful response would be: "I can understand why you feel angry with God and everyone else right now." The family of a young girl killed in an automobile accident arrives at the hospital shortly after her death and requests to see her body. Since she is disfigured from the accident, the most appropriate action is to: inform them of what to expect and then let them see the body. A health-care worker is preparing the body of an Arab American patient who just died for transfer to the morgue. Family members insist on washing and cleansing the body before it is taken away. The health-care worker's best response is: "Yes, of course you may. Do you need any special cloths or towels?" Seven months ago, a 30-year-old man lost his wife in an automobile accident. His coworkers have become concerned about his mood swings from rage to uncontrolled crying. The health care worker recognizes that this is: abnormal grief that may require psychological counseling. The manner in which persons adjust to losses in their life will determine: quality of life. A newborn in the neonatal intensive care unit is dying, and the neonatologist has shared with the parents their baby's prognosis. When the father sees his son, he says, "He looks just fine to me. I can't understand what all this is about." The health-care worker recognizes that the father is: in denial or disbelief. The event most likely to make a grief reaction complicated and pathological would be: death by suicide. A common anxiety about suicide is reflected when the twin brother of a suicide victim asks: "Do you think I will be tempted to commit suicide like he did?" Persons experiencing bereavement should postpone making drastic changes in their lives for at least: 1 year. A bereaved person is in special need of condolence and support: on the anniversary date of the death. The term geriatrics refers to the study of: biological, psychological, physiological, and sociological aspects of aging 3 multiple choice options The theory of aging that attributes the age-related cellular changes to an unpaired ion is the theory of: free radical 3 multiple choice options ______________ theory states that the end result is that the body's immune response is impaired, which causes the aging person to be more susceptible to a variety of illnesses or infections as well as being susceptible to the body's immune cells attacking normal body cells. Immune 3 multiple choice options In cultures where ageism prevails, the elderly are: avoided and made to feel useless 3 multiple choice options A woman tells the health-care worker that her 85-year-old father is frequently confused about medication doses and frequently forgets to take his medicines. He usually eats crackers for dinner and sweet snacks for lunch. The daughter lives in a two-bedroom apartment with her two children and works full time. The health-care worker suggests that the most appropriate placement for him would be in: an assisted-living home 3 multiple choice options The health-care worker recommends the utilization of a senior center for a 79-year-old widow because in addition to a meal, a senior center can provide: a venue for socialization 3 multiple choice options A 70-year-old man retired 6 months ago after a long career as a newsman. His wife tells the health-care worker that she is concerned because her husband has stopped going to church, turned over the bill-paying duties to her, and spends most of the time listening to the radio. The health-care worker recognizes this as: signs of disengagement and possible early depression 3 multiple choice options Among the goals for the aged from Healthy People 2030 is an increased access for the elderly to acquire: preventative health-care services 3 multiple choice options An appropriate strategy when teaching geriatric adults is to: ask them to repeat what they heard because of possible hearing deficits 3 multiple choice options Regarding cataracts, the most important point is that they: are a normal part of aging; most older people have cataracts in both eyes 3 multiple choice options When planning health-promotion classes for geriatric adults, the health-care worker should include information pertinent to: safe home environment, immunizations 3 multiple choice options An 83-year-old resident in a nursing home spends a great deal of time telling stories about past accomplishments and life experiences. The health-care worker recognizes that: reminiscing about positive life experiences is therapeutic and helps bring a feeling of achievement and satisfaction to the elder adult 3 multiple choice options Interventions to promote health in the geriatric elder that follow the goals of Healthy People 2030 are primarily focused on: teaching positive health behaviors 3 multiple choice options The health-care worker assessing an 85-year-old man for his ability to manage the activities of daily living (ADLs) would assess his ability to: (Select all that apply.) feed himself manage his own finances cook a simple meal shop for himself manage some form of transportation feed himself cook a simple meal shop for himself 3 multiple choice options Which services does the Older American Act of 2006 include? (Select all that apply.) Elder abuse protection Interventions to combat social isolation Short term care strategies Transportation assistance Assistance with nutrition Elder abuse protection Interventions to combat social isolation Transportation assistance Assistance with nutrition 3 multiple choice options According to the _______ theory, a recently retired person who finds satisfaction in hobbies, travel, or volunteering is adjusting to life after retirement. activity 3 multiple choice options An appropriate nursing action helpful to older adults with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is to: encourage confidence in the elder as a competent manager of the disease 3 multiple choice options An important consideration in the rehabilitation of a geriatric patient to prevent loss of function from inactivity and immobility is: performing active exercises daily 3 multiple choice options The health-care worker is planning a discussion about sexual responses in the aging population. The health-care worker would make a point to include information relative to that fact that: males retain their fertility into the eighth decade of life 3 multiple choice options Because of changes in the blood vessels, which become narrow with fatty deposits, the geriatric elder is at risk for: stroke 3 multiple choice options Young-old describes a period from ages: 65 to 74 The most important predictor of one's life expectancy is: One's own biological parent Which of the following is a biological theory of aging? Wear and tear Helplessness and despair are often characteristic of people who: Lack a sense of integrity Life review in which older people engage serves to: Give meaning to their life The older person generally: Needs more rest periods than a younger adult A high potential for impaired safety is a concern in older patients because of: Changes in sensory perception Elder abuse is generally seen: Across all social boundaries Depression seen in the older adult is most commonly caused by: Multiple losses The majority of old people: Live in a family setting Senescence refers to the: Normal signs of aging A change in height during the older years is due to a: Fusing of the vertebrae Eighty-year-old Sarah James complains of pain and stiffness in the joints. This may be due to a(n): Loss of elasticity in the tendons and ligaments The incidence of choking in older people increases because of: Decreased gag reflex Tooth loss in the geriatric patient is considered: A result of poor dental hygiene Eighty-four-year-old Mary Brown, a patient in the long-term care unit, complains frequently of being cold. This response is probably due to (the): Loss of adipose tissue Seventy-year-old Edna MacBay's daughter complains that her mother has had difficulty remembering visits from her other children. You can tell her this is commonly a result of: Disease Hearing-related changes in elderly patients are initially due to a loss of: High-frequency tones The phase of planning in retirement of the elderly person is termed: Near In beginning nutritional education in an elderly patient, of least importance to the nurse is: Color and texture of the food In the older adult, gross motor skills decline because of: Stiffening of the joints To attain ego integrity as described by Erikson, the older person must have: Successfully resolved the other stages The negative stereotyping of older people is called: Ageism Married couples may have a shift in roles at different periods throughout their life cycle. One such time is during: Retirement Which of the following is not a reason for divorce after age 65? Euphoric feelings The psychosocial adjustment to aging can be minimized by: All of the above The theory of aging that suggests the adjustment to aging depends upon the person's ability to maintain his or her life patterns well into aging is: Activity theory Which of the following is not true about sexuality in late adulthood? Interest in sex diminishes in late adulthood. Ego integrity can be determined by which of the following? Positive life review The nurse teaches the new graduate that when providing activities for the older adult, she should consider: Activities that consider earlier interests The nurse correctly recognizes that there are many life adjustments for the older adult, including (a): (Select all that apply.) Decline in intellect Decrease in income Slowed reaction time ageism a form of prejudice in which people are categorized and judged solely on the basis of their chronological age elder-speak a condescending way of speaking to older adults stereotype threat responses to stereotype that include dyeing hair, undergoing plastic surgery, dressing in youthful clothes, and moving quickly to look agile (or spry) young-old age 60 to 70 (70%) old-old age 75 to 85 (20%) oldest-old over age 85 (10%) dependency ratio the number of self-sufficient productive adults compared with the number of dependents (child and the elderly), current ratio is 2:1 primary aging puberty, menopause, andropause secondary aging diet, exercise, drug abuse, use and addiction (life style factors) 75 , 81 In the use the average life expectancy for men is ___ and ___ for women Dementia irreversible loss of intellectual functioning caused by organic brain damage or disease Mild cognitive impairment affects older adults with cognitive problems who are still able to function Alzheimers disease most common cause of dementia, characterized by gradual deterioration of memory and personality beginning stage of Alzheimer's forgetfulness, personalty change, memory loss eventually become dangerous final stage of Alzheimer's communication ceases, full time care needed, identity and personality are lost, death come 10 to 15 years after 1st signs appear actualization integrity older adults have better ability of reaching Maslow's_____ and Erikson's______ socialization senses cease so does cognitive lack of sensory input also results in lack of ____ input self theories the search to maintain one's integrity and identity integrity versus despair objects and places become more precious in late adulthood than they were earlier, as a way to hold on to their idenitiy continuity theory behaves toward others in a way that is consistent with his or her behavior in earlier periods of life positivity effect elderly people perceive, prefer and remember positive images and experiences more than negative ones self expectance leads to happiness ideal self and real self with age come closer together stratification theories theory that focuses on the society's impact on each individual- an impact felt because societies place each person in a category or role. disengagement theory stay at home and not socialize once reach certain age activity theory being socially active, volunteering, taking trips, mental activity aging in place remaining in the same home and community in later life, adjusting not leaving when health fades naturally occurring retirement community (NORC) a neighborhood or apartment complex whose population is mostly retired people who moved to the location as younger adults and never left 5, 66 about one out of every ___ US adults age ___ and older was enrolled in some kind of continuing education in 2005 14.4, 65 Overall, ___ percent of US residents are age ___ or over less, increased, prayer are ____ to attend religious services than are the middle aged, but faith ____ with age, as does ____ and other religious practices AARP american association of retired persons, the largest organized interest group in the world, advocates for the elderly, people over age 50 benefits happier, healthier, wealthier the ___ of marriage are greater in late adulthood, ___, ____, _____ filial responsiblity the obligation of adult children to care for their aging parents frail elderly people over age 65, and often over age 85, who are physically infirm, very ill, or cognitively disable assisted living a living arrangement for elderly people that combines privacy and independence with medical supervision remote grandparents (some times called distant grandparents) are emotionally distant form their grandchildren compassionate grandparents (sometimes called "fun loving" grandparents) entertain and "spoil" their grandchild involved grandparents are active in the day lives of grandchild surrogate grandparent raise their grandchild, usually because the parent are unable or unwilling activities of daily living actions that are important to independent living, typically identified as 5 task of self-care: -eating, bathing, tolieting, dressing, transferring form a bed to chair instrumental activities of daily life (IADLS) actions that are important to independent living and that require intellectual competence ability to preform these tasks may be even more critical to self sufficiency than ADL ability thanatology the study of death and dying, especially of the social and emotional aspects, reveals the reality of hope in death, acceptance of dying and reaffirmation of life good death a death that is peaceful, quick, and painless and that occurs after a long life, in the company of family and friends, and is familiar surrounding complete greif bad death lacks six characteristics of a good death and is dreaded particularly by the elderly incomplete greif Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance what are the 5 stages of dying Kubler- Ross created the stages of dying hopice an institution or program in which terminally ill patients receive palliative care provide skilled treatment to relieve pain and discomfort; they avoid measures to delay death and their focus is make dying easier palliative care make comfortable double effct takes away pain but shuts down respiratory system (morphin) has positive and negative effect passive euthanasia DNR active euthanasia physician assisted suicide only legal in Organ slippery slope concern hastening death when terminally ill people request my cause a society to slide into killing sick people who are not ready to die- especially the old and the poor describe the general physical development in early adulthood All of the organs and body systems, including digestive, respiratory, circulatory, and reproductive systems, peak in functioning senescence A pattern of gradual age-related declines in physical functioning when does aging become visible? about age 30 what does aging entail? gradual changes in strength, body proportions, sensory capacities, and fertility age-related physical changes by age 20 Age-related changes in the skin age-related physical changes by age 30 Gray hairs Hereditary baldness Less skin elasticity and some visible wrinkles around the eyes and forehead isometric muscle strength Subtle contractions in which the length of the muscle does not change, is maintained through adulthood when does performance on activities that require body coordination and bursts of strength peak? in the early 20s when does performance on activities that require endurance peak? in the early 30s athlete vs non athlete muscle and motor skills throughout aging athletes experience more subtle and gradual declines in physical abilities from the late 30s to the 60s. Their muscles and motor skills age much more slowly than their peers general trend of reproductive capacity declines with age, increasing the risk for women in their mid to late 30s of experiencing difficulty conceiving what is a common cause of female infertility? the inability to ovulate; With advancing age, ovulation becomes less regular; Chromosomal anomalies accumulate as egg cells age, increasing the risk of pregnancy loss, or miscarriage; Ovarian cancer and ovarian cysts; Dwindling reserves of ova ovulate to release an ova into the fallopian tube what are some factors that can prevent ovulation? drug and alcohol abuse, environmental toxins, obesity, and being underweight true or false: most men remain able to conceive into older adulthood true; However, the number and quality of sperm produced does decline in middle adulthood, beginning at about age 40 free radical A highly reactive, corrosive substance that forms when a cell is exposed to oxygen. Through chemical reactions, free radicals destroy DNA, proteins, and other cellular materials; may also contribute to male infertility wear and tear theory of aging An early theory of aging stating that aging is the result of the body wearing out from use; regular exercise increases longevity in all people regardless of ethnicity or socioeconomic status programmed genetics theory of aging the rate of aging is influenced by DNA and heredity caloric restriction theory of aging The practice of restricting caloric intake for the purpose of slowing aging; A nutritious diet that is extremely low in calories is associated with a longer lifespan aging immune system theory of aging an aging immune system is less able to differentiate healthy cells from pathology, may direct the body's defenses against healthy cells, and may ignore harmful cells cellular mutation theory of aging cellular mutations lead to a deterioration in functioning and an increase in age-related diseases and cancers free radicals theory of aging free radicals destroy DNA, proteins, and other cellular materials in an attempt to replace the missing electrons. Free radicals are thought to contribute to many age-related diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and arthritis reduced capacity for cell division theory of aging Telomeres that shorten past a critical length cause the cell to stop dividing all together, leading to increases in disease, cell death, and body aging telomere A type of DNA that caps both ends of chromosomes and shortens with each cell division. Eventually telomeres shorten past a critical length and the cell to stop duplicating true or false: Young adults who become ill or die from illness are less likely to be of low socioeconomic status. false what are some reasons why it is difficult for young adults to eat healthily? Absence of parental controls, access to an abundance of food, and busy lives Obesity body mass index (BMI) of 30 or above overweight BMI greater than 25 factors related to obesity heredity, environmental pressures how has today's obesity epidemic in Western nations had stronger ties to environmental pressures than genetic factors? Physical labor is less a part of the lifestyle in industrialized nations than ever before. Food, especially sugary, fatty, and fried foods, have become more abundant at the same time as people have become more sedentary. Sedentary lifestyles, and especially the number of hours spent viewing television, are closely associated with obesity what health problems are associated with obesity? high blood pressure; stroke; circulatory problems; diabetes; digestive disorders; arthritis; cancer; and, ultimately, early death consequences of regular moderate exercise enhances immunity, lowering the risk of, and speeding recovery to, illnesses; mental health benefits such as improved mood, energy, self-esteem, working memory, and ability to cope as well as reductions in stress, anxiety, and depression wha is the recommended amount of exercise? at least 150 minutes of moderate activity each week or 75 minutes of vigorous activity, plus muscle strengthening exercises on at least two days each week what is the most common cancer caused by tobacco smoke? lung cancer how does smoking incr. blood pressure and heart rate? Nicotine stimulates the adrenal glands to release adrenaline, which increases blood pressure and heart rate what is the most commonly used substance after alcohol and nicotine in the US? marijuana why is marijuana addictive? when inhaled, the active ingredient, THC, passes from the lungs to the bloodstream to the brain and activates the brain's reward system, making the user feel euphoric how does marijuana use interfere with thinking? it impairs a person's ability to shift attention from one item to another and to learn, form memories, and recall material binge drinking Heavy episodic drinking; consuming five or more alcoholic beverages in one sitting for men and four drinks in one sitting for women Heavy drinking two or more instances of binge drinking within the past 30 days alcohol dependence a maladaptive pattern of alcohol use that leads to clinically significant impairment or distress, as indicated by tolerance, withdrawal, and inability to reduce drinking does college enrollment influence heavy drinking and alcohol-related problems among young adults? no; heavy drinking and alcohol-related problems are more common among young adults regardless of college enrollment Successful treatments of alcohol dependence provide individual and family counseling, group support, coping skills, and possibly aversion therapy (the use of medication that produces negative reactions to alcohol such as vomiting) to spur a distaste for alcohol physiological effects of chronic stress negative cardiovascular side effects of stress, such as hypertension (high blood pressure), high cholesterol, and arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries, which places more stress on the heart and increase the risk of heart attack and stroke) "fight-or-flight" stress response cortisol is released and the body readies for action, raising blood pressure and heart rate postformal reasoning Thinking and problem solving is restructured in adulthood to integrate abstract reasoning with practical considerations, recognizing that most problems have multiple causes and solutions, some solutions are better than others, and all problems involve uncertainty epistemic cognition The ways in which an individual understands how he or she arrived at ideas, beliefs, and conclusions dualistic thinking Polar reasoning in which knowledge and accounts of phenomena are viewed as absolute facts, either right or wrong with no in-between; typical of beginning college students relativistic thinking Type of reasoning in which knowledge is viewed as subjective and dependent on the situation; Most knowledge is viewed as relative, dependent on the situation and thinker; relativistic thinkers recognize that beliefs are subjective, that there are multiple perspectives on a given issue, and that all perspectives are defensible reflective judgment Mature type of reasoning that synthesizes contradictions among perspectives; recognizes that options and opinions can be evaluated and generates criteria to do so pragmatic thought In Labouvie-Vief's theory, a type of thinking where logic is used as a tool to address everyday problems and contradictions are viewed as part of life what do advances in reasoning during the adult years entail? integrating cognition with emotion. Young adults become better able to make rational decisions and are less swayed by emotion-fused thinking than are adolescents cognitive-affective complexity A form of mature thinking that involves emotional awareness, the ability to integrate and regulate intense emotions, and the recognition and appreciation of individual experience; Capacity to be aware of emotions, integrate positive and negative feelings about an issue, and regulate intense emotions to make logical decisions about complicated issues Gains in cognitive-affective complexity helps young adults do what? Participate in social interactions ; Become more open of other viewpoints; Solve day to day problems true or false: Attending college is associated with advanced moral reasoning and the ability to synthesize the considerations of autonomy and individual rights with promoting human welfare true which types of college students have more opportunities to interact with peers and become involved in the academic and social aspects of campus life—and show the greatest cognitive gains in the college years? Students who live in residence halls which type of students often experience the most difficulty transitioning to college and are at highest risk of dropping out of college or attending discontinuously? first-generation students and those who are from minority of low socioeconomic homes true or false: Nontraditional students are less likely than traditional students to attend college part-time, work full-time, be financially independent, and have dependents false why do nontraditional college students find the practical details of college more difficult to navigate? most colleges are oriented toward traditional students which strengths do nontraditional students possess? they show a readiness to learn and a problem-centered orientation toward learning that emphasizes acquiring the knowledge and skills needed for career advancement; experience and multiple roles can help make meaning of theoretical concepts that may be purely abstract to younger learners which types of colleges do nontraditional students seek? colleges that are readily accessible; offer training relevant to their current life needs; and are cost-effective, flexible in course scheduling, and supportive of adult lifestyle commitments The Forgotten Third one third of high school graduates in the United States that transition from high school to work without attending college; relatively few resources are directed toward learning about and assisting them, as compared with college-bound young adults crystallization stage The earliest stage of occupational development; begins in adolescence; Adolescents from ages 14 through 18 begin to think about careers in more complex ways, considering their own interests, personality, abilities, and values as well as the requirements of each career specification stage ages 18 to 21 identify specific occupational goals and pursue the education needed to achieve them implementation stage young adults ages 21 to 24 complete training, enter the job market, and make the transition to become an employee stabilization stage ages 25 to 35; entails becoming established in a career. Young adults settle into specific jobs, gain experience, and adapt to changes in their workplace and field consolidation stage from age 35 and up, individuals accumulate experience and advance up the career ladder, moving into supervisory positions and becoming responsible for the next generation of workers what is the most important factor in selecting a career? the match between young people's personality traits and abilities and their occupational interests; contextual influences such as family and educational opportunities also influence our choice of career vocational indications for investigative personality type enjoys working w/ ideas; likely to select a scientific career (e.g., biologist, physicist) vocational indications for social personality type enjoys interacting with people; likely to select a human services career (e.g., teaching. nursing, counseling) vocational indications for realistic personality type enjoys working w/ objects and real-world problems; likely to select a mechanical career (e.g., carpenter, mechanic, plumber) vocational indications for artistic personality type enjoys individual expression; likely to select a career in the arts, incl. writing and performing arts vocational indications for conventional personality type prefers well-structured tasks, values social status; likely to select a career in business (e.g., accounting, banking) vocational indications for enterprising personality type enjoys leading and persuading others, values adventure; likely to select a career in sales, politics A 90-year-old West Indian man is dying, and 20 family members fill the hall as they try to crowd into the room. The culturally competent health-care worker will: move out unnecessary furniture to make room for the family. 3 multiple choice options The health-care worker can support grieving families at the time of death by: allowing the family time to stay with the loved one after the death. 3 multiple choice options The grieving mother whose adolescent son died last week tells the home health-care worker that her 5-year-old has begun to wet the bed. The health-care worker's most helpful response would be: "Regression to less mature forms of behavior are not unusual after a death." 3 multiple choice options When parents ask if their school-age child should attend the funeral of their grandmother, the health-care worker would base a response on the understanding that attendance will: provide an closure for the child. 3 multiple choice options A terminally ill patient is unresponsive and having periods of apnea. The patient's family is arguing at the bedside about where the funeral should be held. The health-care worker should: take the family members aside and explain that the patient may be able to hear them. 3 multiple choice options The primary goal of end-of-life care is: The primary goal of end-of-life care is: 2 multiple choice options The document naming the person or persons who should make health-care decisions if a patient cannot make informed decisions for him- or herself is the: durable power of attorney. 3 multiple choice options The health-care worker caring for a dying 78-year-old Hispanic woman understands that in Hispanic families when death is near, the family will: prohibit pregnant women and children from the bedside. 3 multiple choice options The impending signs of death include: (Select all that apply.) thirst anorexia pulmonary congestion flushed face mottled extremities anorexia pulmonary congestion mottled extremities 3 multiple choice options The health-care worker clarifies to the family of a dying patient that palliative care includes: (Select all that apply.) patient-centered care analgesics oxygen therapy curative therapy laxatives patient-centered care analgesics oxygen therapy laxatives 3 multiple choice options The health-care worker recommends the services of _____________, a community health-care organization specializing in the care of dying patients and their families. hospice 3 multiple choice options Denial is a common reaction to the diagnosis of a terminal illness, because the use of this defense mechanism: is helpful to adaptation 3 multiple choice options A terminally ill person has elected to stop receiving curative treatment and has requested no cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The family is very upset by this decision and wants to override the patient's decision. The best response to the family is: "According to the dying person's bill of rights, your relative has the right to make this decision." 3 multiple choice options The statement that best depicts the preschooler's understanding of death is: "I know that my brother got taken because I had a fight with him." 3 multiple choice options A grief reaction that interferes with life's fu