BIO 131 Cumulative Final: Foundations,
Macromolecules, Cells, Energy, Genetics, and
Physiology Questions/Answers
What is homeostasis?
The maintenance of stable internal conditions in an organism.
What is the independent variable in a controlled experiment?
The variable being manipulated by the researcher.
Which bond is the strongest?
Covalent bond.
Why is water polar?
Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, leading to unequal electron sharing.
How many times more acidic is a solution with pH 3 than one with pH 5?
100 times more acidic.
What is a buffer?
A substance that resists changes in pH.
Which macromolecule is primarily used for long-term energy storage?
Lipids.
What type of bond links amino acids together?
Peptide bond.
, What level of protein structure involves hydrogen bonding patterns like α-helices?
Secondary structure.
Which carbohydrate is used directly by cells for energy?
Glucose.
What makes phospholipids amphipathic?
They have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.
Which nitrogen base is found in RNA but NOT DNA?
Uracil.
Which structure is found only in eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus.
What does the fluid mosaic model describe?
A flexible membrane with embedded proteins.
What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?
It shrinks.
Which transport method requires ATP?
Active transport.
What is the sodium-potassium pump an example of?
Antiport transport mechanism.
Macromolecules, Cells, Energy, Genetics, and
Physiology Questions/Answers
What is homeostasis?
The maintenance of stable internal conditions in an organism.
What is the independent variable in a controlled experiment?
The variable being manipulated by the researcher.
Which bond is the strongest?
Covalent bond.
Why is water polar?
Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, leading to unequal electron sharing.
How many times more acidic is a solution with pH 3 than one with pH 5?
100 times more acidic.
What is a buffer?
A substance that resists changes in pH.
Which macromolecule is primarily used for long-term energy storage?
Lipids.
What type of bond links amino acids together?
Peptide bond.
, What level of protein structure involves hydrogen bonding patterns like α-helices?
Secondary structure.
Which carbohydrate is used directly by cells for energy?
Glucose.
What makes phospholipids amphipathic?
They have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.
Which nitrogen base is found in RNA but NOT DNA?
Uracil.
Which structure is found only in eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus.
What does the fluid mosaic model describe?
A flexible membrane with embedded proteins.
What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?
It shrinks.
Which transport method requires ATP?
Active transport.
What is the sodium-potassium pump an example of?
Antiport transport mechanism.
