Unit 1: Physical Properties of Matter Review
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‘Entire universe is made up of energy and mass’
Key Terms:
Energy - ability to do work
Chemistry - study of structure and properties of matter
Matter - anything taking up space and has mass
Kinetic Energy - energy due to motion of an object
Potential Energy - stored up portion of energy
Temperature - measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance
Average Kinetic Energy - used when talking about the kinetic energy of a substance
States of Matter:
● Gas
● Liquid
● Solid
● Plasma
SOLID LIQUID GAS
SHAPE definite shape takes shape of takes shape of
container container
VOLUME definite volume definite volume takes volume of
container
DENSITY very dense less dense than less dense than
solids solids and liquids
COMPRESSIBILI incompressible incompressible compressible
TY
DIFFUSION non diffusible easily diffuses diffuses very easily
Plasma
- Gaseous mixture of positive ions and electrons
- Formed at temperatures higher than 100 million Celsius when electrons are
stripped from neutral atoms
, - Very unstable
- Most common form of matter in universe (99% visible universe
- Least common on Earth
- DO NOT occur naturally on Earth, besides lightning bolts
- Ex. Fluorescent lights, stars, lightning, aurora borealis, neon signs
Going from solids to liquids to gasses to plasma leads to energy levels of
particles increasing
Nature of Gases
● Energy is the ability to do work
○ Work: movement of a force through a distance (push or pull)
○ 2 types
1. Potential Energy
- stored energy
2. Kinetic Energy
- Energy of motion
- Formula: KE = 1/2mv2
- m - mass of particle
- v - velocity of the particle
- Energy of an object can be increased by increasing velocity of object
Kinetic Molecular Theory
1. Gasses are made up of extremely small particles called molecules
2. Molecules of gas are in a random, rapid, straight line motion. They also collide
with each other and bounce off the walls
3. All collisions are perfectly elastic; no energy losses due to friction
4. No attractive forces between molecules
5. The molecules of gasses that differ have equal average kinetic energies at the
same temperature
Absolute Zero: all molecules stop their movement
Celsius: -273.15°
Kelvin: 0°
How does the Kinetic Molecular theory explain the Properties of gasses?
● Volume of a gas is mostly open space
○ Compressibility
.........................................................
‘Entire universe is made up of energy and mass’
Key Terms:
Energy - ability to do work
Chemistry - study of structure and properties of matter
Matter - anything taking up space and has mass
Kinetic Energy - energy due to motion of an object
Potential Energy - stored up portion of energy
Temperature - measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance
Average Kinetic Energy - used when talking about the kinetic energy of a substance
States of Matter:
● Gas
● Liquid
● Solid
● Plasma
SOLID LIQUID GAS
SHAPE definite shape takes shape of takes shape of
container container
VOLUME definite volume definite volume takes volume of
container
DENSITY very dense less dense than less dense than
solids solids and liquids
COMPRESSIBILI incompressible incompressible compressible
TY
DIFFUSION non diffusible easily diffuses diffuses very easily
Plasma
- Gaseous mixture of positive ions and electrons
- Formed at temperatures higher than 100 million Celsius when electrons are
stripped from neutral atoms
, - Very unstable
- Most common form of matter in universe (99% visible universe
- Least common on Earth
- DO NOT occur naturally on Earth, besides lightning bolts
- Ex. Fluorescent lights, stars, lightning, aurora borealis, neon signs
Going from solids to liquids to gasses to plasma leads to energy levels of
particles increasing
Nature of Gases
● Energy is the ability to do work
○ Work: movement of a force through a distance (push or pull)
○ 2 types
1. Potential Energy
- stored energy
2. Kinetic Energy
- Energy of motion
- Formula: KE = 1/2mv2
- m - mass of particle
- v - velocity of the particle
- Energy of an object can be increased by increasing velocity of object
Kinetic Molecular Theory
1. Gasses are made up of extremely small particles called molecules
2. Molecules of gas are in a random, rapid, straight line motion. They also collide
with each other and bounce off the walls
3. All collisions are perfectly elastic; no energy losses due to friction
4. No attractive forces between molecules
5. The molecules of gasses that differ have equal average kinetic energies at the
same temperature
Absolute Zero: all molecules stop their movement
Celsius: -273.15°
Kelvin: 0°
How does the Kinetic Molecular theory explain the Properties of gasses?
● Volume of a gas is mostly open space
○ Compressibility
