NUR 310 RESEARCH EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Where does Knowledge for Practice come from - Answers - Primarily was handed down
from one generation to the next based on clinical experience
Nursing Research - Answers - systematic inquiry that uses disciplined methods to
answer questions and solve problems
Aims at developing trustworthy evidence about issues
Importance of research for discipline - Answers - Have its own distinct theoretical body
of knowledge and defined boundaries
What is evidence based practice? - Answers - Broadly defined as a problem-solving
approach to delivery of health care that integrates the best available research evidence
from high quality well-designed research studies, patient needs, preferences and values
and clinical expertise
Magnet Recognition Program - Answers - recognize organizations that achieve
excellence in nursing practice
Non Evidence based practice consequences - Answers - Dr. Benjamin Spock's Baby
child care (SIDS)
Roles of Nurses in Research - Answers - Consumers- Nurses who read research
reports to keep up to date on findings that may affect their practice
Producer- involved in producing research. Producers of nursing research: nurses who
actively design and undertake studies. These are the researchers
Nurses as research consumers - Answers - 1. Help Develop an idea
2. Assist researchers by collecting information
3. Offer advice to clients about participating in a study
4. Solve a clinical problem by searching for research evidence
5. Discuss implications of a new study in your practice setting
Roles of Nurses in Research based on level of Education - Answers - Baccalaureate-
Understand EBP process, Identify nursing problems and work on teams to research
projects
Masters and Doctor- Work within teams to develop EBP guidelines
Doctorate- Expected to conduct original studies independently
EBP challenges - Answers - 1. *Research related barriers* → Scarcity of strong
research evidence
,2. *Nurse-related barriers* → Inadequate skills in locating and appraising evidence
3. *Organizational barriers* → Lack of financial support and staff release time
4. Attitudes and education
Types of Research Questions - Answers - Therapy, Treatment, Interventions
Diagnosis and Assessment
Prognosis
Etiology
Meaning and Processes
Therapy, Treatment, Interventions Questions Focus - Answers - Studies with a therapy
purpose seek to identify effective treatments for ameliorating or preventing health
problems
Diagnosis and Assessment Question Focus - Answers - Focused on the development
and evaluation of formal instruments to screen, diagnose, and assess pts and to
measure clinical outcomes
Prognosis Question Focus - Answers - Examine the consequences of disease or health
problems, explore factors that can modify the prognosis
Etiology Question focus - Answers - Studies that focus on determining the factors that
cause illness mortality or morbidity
Meaning and Processes Question Focus - Answers - Seek to understand the patients
perspectives, offers evidence about what health and illness means to patients, what
barriers they face.
Evidence Hierarchies - Answers - Evidence ranks the different types of research studies
according to the strength of the evidence they provide.
The higher the level of the study the higher the level or strength of evidence it provides
Hierarchy Levels - Answers - 1. Systematic Review (Strongest)
2. Single RCT
3. Single non-randomized trial
4. Single Prospective Cohort study
5. Single Case-control study
6. Single cross-sectional study
7. Single In-depth qualitative Study
8. Expert Opinion Case reports
clinical practice guidelines - Answers - Developed based on systematic reviews,
therefore considered level 1
, Steps in EBP for individual Efforts - Answers - 0. Cultivating or igniting a spirit of inquiry
1. Ask
2, Acquire
3. Appraise
4. Apply
5. Assess
EBP Step 1: Ask a clinical question (PIO/PICO) - Answers - P- Population (People or
Characteristic)
I- Intervention (Interventions or therapies of interest)
C- Comparison
O- Outcome (outcomes or consequences)
PICO template - Answers - In _____ (population), what is the effect of ________
(intervention), in comparison to _______ (comparison), on __________(outcome)?
PIO template - Answers - In _____ (population), what is the effect of ________
(intervention), on __________(outcome)?
EBP Step 2: Acquiring Research Evidence - Answers - 1. Primary Studies
2. Pre-Appraised Evidence
Primary Studies - Answers - Research Studies that are Published in professional
Journals ( No pre-appraised in terms of usability and applicability), Shouldn't be first
option
pre-appraised evidence - Answers - Evidence that has been selected from primary
studies and was evaluated by research experts and clinicians for usability and
applicability in practice
Systematic Reviews - Answers - A systematic review is a highly controlled critique
(looking at strengths and weaknesses) and evaluation of matched research reports
(research studies that has the same research question).
EBP Step 3: Appraising the Evidence for EBP - Answers - Evidence Quality- appraisal
issue is the extent to which the findings are valid
Magnitude of effects- assess whether study findings are clinically important
Side Effects- side benefits and costs may be important in guiding decisions.
Financial Costs- Another issue concerns the costs of applying the evidence.
Clinical Relevance- the evidence in terms of its relevance for the clinical situation at
hand
Actions Based on Evidence Appraisals
CINAHL - Answers - Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature
Covers nursing and allied health literature from 1982 to present
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Where does Knowledge for Practice come from - Answers - Primarily was handed down
from one generation to the next based on clinical experience
Nursing Research - Answers - systematic inquiry that uses disciplined methods to
answer questions and solve problems
Aims at developing trustworthy evidence about issues
Importance of research for discipline - Answers - Have its own distinct theoretical body
of knowledge and defined boundaries
What is evidence based practice? - Answers - Broadly defined as a problem-solving
approach to delivery of health care that integrates the best available research evidence
from high quality well-designed research studies, patient needs, preferences and values
and clinical expertise
Magnet Recognition Program - Answers - recognize organizations that achieve
excellence in nursing practice
Non Evidence based practice consequences - Answers - Dr. Benjamin Spock's Baby
child care (SIDS)
Roles of Nurses in Research - Answers - Consumers- Nurses who read research
reports to keep up to date on findings that may affect their practice
Producer- involved in producing research. Producers of nursing research: nurses who
actively design and undertake studies. These are the researchers
Nurses as research consumers - Answers - 1. Help Develop an idea
2. Assist researchers by collecting information
3. Offer advice to clients about participating in a study
4. Solve a clinical problem by searching for research evidence
5. Discuss implications of a new study in your practice setting
Roles of Nurses in Research based on level of Education - Answers - Baccalaureate-
Understand EBP process, Identify nursing problems and work on teams to research
projects
Masters and Doctor- Work within teams to develop EBP guidelines
Doctorate- Expected to conduct original studies independently
EBP challenges - Answers - 1. *Research related barriers* → Scarcity of strong
research evidence
,2. *Nurse-related barriers* → Inadequate skills in locating and appraising evidence
3. *Organizational barriers* → Lack of financial support and staff release time
4. Attitudes and education
Types of Research Questions - Answers - Therapy, Treatment, Interventions
Diagnosis and Assessment
Prognosis
Etiology
Meaning and Processes
Therapy, Treatment, Interventions Questions Focus - Answers - Studies with a therapy
purpose seek to identify effective treatments for ameliorating or preventing health
problems
Diagnosis and Assessment Question Focus - Answers - Focused on the development
and evaluation of formal instruments to screen, diagnose, and assess pts and to
measure clinical outcomes
Prognosis Question Focus - Answers - Examine the consequences of disease or health
problems, explore factors that can modify the prognosis
Etiology Question focus - Answers - Studies that focus on determining the factors that
cause illness mortality or morbidity
Meaning and Processes Question Focus - Answers - Seek to understand the patients
perspectives, offers evidence about what health and illness means to patients, what
barriers they face.
Evidence Hierarchies - Answers - Evidence ranks the different types of research studies
according to the strength of the evidence they provide.
The higher the level of the study the higher the level or strength of evidence it provides
Hierarchy Levels - Answers - 1. Systematic Review (Strongest)
2. Single RCT
3. Single non-randomized trial
4. Single Prospective Cohort study
5. Single Case-control study
6. Single cross-sectional study
7. Single In-depth qualitative Study
8. Expert Opinion Case reports
clinical practice guidelines - Answers - Developed based on systematic reviews,
therefore considered level 1
, Steps in EBP for individual Efforts - Answers - 0. Cultivating or igniting a spirit of inquiry
1. Ask
2, Acquire
3. Appraise
4. Apply
5. Assess
EBP Step 1: Ask a clinical question (PIO/PICO) - Answers - P- Population (People or
Characteristic)
I- Intervention (Interventions or therapies of interest)
C- Comparison
O- Outcome (outcomes or consequences)
PICO template - Answers - In _____ (population), what is the effect of ________
(intervention), in comparison to _______ (comparison), on __________(outcome)?
PIO template - Answers - In _____ (population), what is the effect of ________
(intervention), on __________(outcome)?
EBP Step 2: Acquiring Research Evidence - Answers - 1. Primary Studies
2. Pre-Appraised Evidence
Primary Studies - Answers - Research Studies that are Published in professional
Journals ( No pre-appraised in terms of usability and applicability), Shouldn't be first
option
pre-appraised evidence - Answers - Evidence that has been selected from primary
studies and was evaluated by research experts and clinicians for usability and
applicability in practice
Systematic Reviews - Answers - A systematic review is a highly controlled critique
(looking at strengths and weaknesses) and evaluation of matched research reports
(research studies that has the same research question).
EBP Step 3: Appraising the Evidence for EBP - Answers - Evidence Quality- appraisal
issue is the extent to which the findings are valid
Magnitude of effects- assess whether study findings are clinically important
Side Effects- side benefits and costs may be important in guiding decisions.
Financial Costs- Another issue concerns the costs of applying the evidence.
Clinical Relevance- the evidence in terms of its relevance for the clinical situation at
hand
Actions Based on Evidence Appraisals
CINAHL - Answers - Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature
Covers nursing and allied health literature from 1982 to present
