NSG530 / NSG 530 Exam 1 (Latest 2025 /
2026): Advanced Pathophysiology |
Questions and Verified Answers | 100%
Correct | Grade A+
Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology
Risk - Answers-Factor that when present increases the chance of disease
Not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the likelihood of
encountering a stressor
Prevalence - Answers-A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's
likelihood of having a disease. Therefore, the number of prevalent cases is the
total number of cases of disease existing in a population. A prevalence rate is the
total number of cases of a disease existing in a population divided by the total
population
Indicates how widespread the disease is
Incidence - Answers-A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's
probability of being diagnosed with a disease during a given period of time.
Therefore, incidence is the number of newly diagnosed cases of a disease. An
incidence rate is the number of new cases of a disease divided by the number of
persons at risk for the disease.
Conveys information about the risk of contracting the disease.
Ratio - Answers-The quantitative relation between two amounts showing the
number of times one value contains or is contained within the other.
,Primary Prevention - Answers-Altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for
susceptible persons
*Both illness and disease are absent
example: vaccinations, healthy lifestyles
Secondary Prevention - Answers-Early detection, screening, and management of
disease
*Illness absent, disease present
example: screenings and testings
Tertiary Prevention - Answers-Rehabilitation, supportive care, reducing disability,
and restoring effective functioning
*Both illness and disease present
example: education
Epidemiology - Answers-study of the patterns of disease involving populations;
examining the occurrence, incidence, prevalence, transmission, and distribution
of diseases in large groups of populations/people
Endemic - Answers-A disease theat is native to a local region
Epidemic - Answers-When a disease is disseninated to many individals at the
same time
,(spread to many people at the same time)
Pandemic - Answers-Epidemics that affect large geographic regions, perhaps
spreading worldwide.
(spread to large geographic areas)
*Chapter 2: Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors* - Answers-
Homeostasis - Answers-A state of being in which all systems are in balance around
a articular ideal "set-point"
Exhausation - Answers-Point where body can no longer return to homeostasis
following a prolonged exposure to noxious agents
Allostatic Overload - Answers-"Cost" of body's organs and tissues for an excessive
or ineffectively regulated allostatic response; effect of "wear and tear" on the
body
Adaptation - Answers-Adaptation: biopsychosocial process of change in response
to new or altered circumstances, internal or external in origin
Coping: behavioral adaptive response to a stressor using culturally based coping
mechanisms
Adaptation and coping: terms used interchangeably
Arousal - Answers-Includes alterations in responsiveness to homeostatic
pressures, sensory stimuli and emotional reactivity, and to changes in motor
activity
, Function of Cortisol - Answers-Primary glucocorticoid
Affects protein metabolism
Promotes appetite and food-seeking behaviors
Has anti-inflammatory effects
Chemical mediator in the inflammation response of the body
Adrenal corticosteroid critical to maintenance of homeostasis
May synergize or antagonize effects of catecholamines
*Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function* - Answers-
Endocrine Communication - Answers-Hormones traveling in the bloodstream
Long range signaling
Neurocrine Communication - Answers-Neurons firing information through
synapses
Signals travel a very small distance between neuron and target cell
Paracrine Communcation - Answers-Signaling through the extraceullar fluid
between cells in a tissue
Localized areas of communication
Autocrine Communcation - Answers-Localized signaling in which the secreting cell
is also the target cell
2026): Advanced Pathophysiology |
Questions and Verified Answers | 100%
Correct | Grade A+
Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology
Risk - Answers-Factor that when present increases the chance of disease
Not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the likelihood of
encountering a stressor
Prevalence - Answers-A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's
likelihood of having a disease. Therefore, the number of prevalent cases is the
total number of cases of disease existing in a population. A prevalence rate is the
total number of cases of a disease existing in a population divided by the total
population
Indicates how widespread the disease is
Incidence - Answers-A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's
probability of being diagnosed with a disease during a given period of time.
Therefore, incidence is the number of newly diagnosed cases of a disease. An
incidence rate is the number of new cases of a disease divided by the number of
persons at risk for the disease.
Conveys information about the risk of contracting the disease.
Ratio - Answers-The quantitative relation between two amounts showing the
number of times one value contains or is contained within the other.
,Primary Prevention - Answers-Altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for
susceptible persons
*Both illness and disease are absent
example: vaccinations, healthy lifestyles
Secondary Prevention - Answers-Early detection, screening, and management of
disease
*Illness absent, disease present
example: screenings and testings
Tertiary Prevention - Answers-Rehabilitation, supportive care, reducing disability,
and restoring effective functioning
*Both illness and disease present
example: education
Epidemiology - Answers-study of the patterns of disease involving populations;
examining the occurrence, incidence, prevalence, transmission, and distribution
of diseases in large groups of populations/people
Endemic - Answers-A disease theat is native to a local region
Epidemic - Answers-When a disease is disseninated to many individals at the
same time
,(spread to many people at the same time)
Pandemic - Answers-Epidemics that affect large geographic regions, perhaps
spreading worldwide.
(spread to large geographic areas)
*Chapter 2: Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors* - Answers-
Homeostasis - Answers-A state of being in which all systems are in balance around
a articular ideal "set-point"
Exhausation - Answers-Point where body can no longer return to homeostasis
following a prolonged exposure to noxious agents
Allostatic Overload - Answers-"Cost" of body's organs and tissues for an excessive
or ineffectively regulated allostatic response; effect of "wear and tear" on the
body
Adaptation - Answers-Adaptation: biopsychosocial process of change in response
to new or altered circumstances, internal or external in origin
Coping: behavioral adaptive response to a stressor using culturally based coping
mechanisms
Adaptation and coping: terms used interchangeably
Arousal - Answers-Includes alterations in responsiveness to homeostatic
pressures, sensory stimuli and emotional reactivity, and to changes in motor
activity
, Function of Cortisol - Answers-Primary glucocorticoid
Affects protein metabolism
Promotes appetite and food-seeking behaviors
Has anti-inflammatory effects
Chemical mediator in the inflammation response of the body
Adrenal corticosteroid critical to maintenance of homeostasis
May synergize or antagonize effects of catecholamines
*Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function* - Answers-
Endocrine Communication - Answers-Hormones traveling in the bloodstream
Long range signaling
Neurocrine Communication - Answers-Neurons firing information through
synapses
Signals travel a very small distance between neuron and target cell
Paracrine Communcation - Answers-Signaling through the extraceullar fluid
between cells in a tissue
Localized areas of communication
Autocrine Communcation - Answers-Localized signaling in which the secreting cell
is also the target cell
