BIOL 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II w/Lab | Module 3 Exam Review 90+ Questions
and Answers -Summary | LockDown Browser | Portage |Instant PDF Download|
Section 1: The Cardiovascular System (Heart & Blood Vessels)
1. Which of the following correctly describes the function of the pulmonary circuit?
a) The left side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
b) The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
c) The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body.
d) The right side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body.
Answer: b) The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
Rationale: The pulmonary circuit is run by the right side of the heart. The right ventricle
pumps deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs for gas exchange.
2. The pointed, inferior part of the heart that rests on the diaphragm is called the:
a) Base
b) Apex
c) Septum
d) Auricle
Answer: b) Apex
Rationale: The apex is the pointed inferior part of the heart, oriented toward the left hip.
The base is the superior, flat part where the great vessels attach.
3. Which layer of the heart wall is actually responsible for the contractile force that pumps
blood?
a) Epicardium
b) Endocardium
c) Myocardium
d) Fibrous pericardium
Answer: c) Myocardium
Rationale: The myocardium is the thick, muscular middle layer. It is responsible for the
squeezing action (contraction) that propels blood.
4. The tricuspid valve is located between which two chambers?
a) Left atrium and left ventricle
b) Right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
,c) Right atrium and right ventricle
d) Left ventricle and aorta
Answer: c) Right atrium and right ventricle
Rationale: The tricuspid valve is the right atrioventricular (AV) valve, preventing backflow of
blood into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts.
5. Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body?
a) Pulmonary trunk
b) Superior vena cava
c) Aorta
d) Coronary sinus
Answer: c) Aorta
Rationale: The aorta is the largest artery in the body. It receives oxygenated blood directly
from the left ventricle via the aortic valve to distribute to the systemic circuit.
6. What is the primary function of the chordae tendineae?
a) To open the semilunar valves during systole
b) To anchor the atrioventricular valves to the papillary muscles
c) To generate the electrical impulse for heart contraction
d) To supply oxygen to the heart muscle
Answer: b) To anchor the atrioventricular valves to the papillary muscles
Rationale: The chordae tendineae are "heart strings" that prevent the AV valves (tricuspid
and bicuspid) from prolapsing (flipping backward) into the atria during ventricular
contraction.
7. The natural pacemaker of the heart that establishes the normal resting heart rate is the:
a) Atrioventricular (AV) node
b) Purkinje fibers
c) Bundle of His
d) Sinoatrial (SA) node
Answer: d) Sinoatrial (SA) node
Rationale: The SA node, located in the right atrium, depolarizes spontaneously more rapidly
than other auto-rhythmic cells, setting the rhythm for the entire heart.
8. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding arteries?
a) They always carry oxygenated blood.
b) They are afferent vessels carrying blood toward the heart.
c) They are efferent vessels carrying blood away from the heart.
d) They contain valves to prevent backflow.
, Answer: c) They are efferent vessels carrying blood away from the heart.
Rationale: Arteries are defined as vessels that carry blood away from the heart (efferent).
Veins carry blood toward the heart (afferent).
9. What is the correct path of blood flow through the heart and lungs?
a) Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Lungs → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle
b) Right Ventricle → Right Atrium → Lungs → Left Ventricle → Left Atrium
c) Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Lungs → Right Atrium → Right Ventricle
d) Left Ventricle → Aorta → Lungs → Pulmonary Veins
Answer: a) Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Lungs → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle
Rationale: Deoxygenated blood enters the Right Atrium, goes to the Right Ventricle, out to
the Lungs, returns oxygenated to the Left Atrium, and ends in the Left Ventricle.
10. Which of the following factors would INCREASE peripheral resistance?
a) Vasodilation
b) Decreased blood viscosity (thinner blood)
c) Vasoconstriction
d) Increased vessel diameter
Answer: c) Vasoconstriction
Rationale: Vasoconstriction narrows the lumen of blood vessels, increasing friction and
resistance against the blood flow, which raises blood pressure.
11. A patient has a blood pressure reading of 118/78 mm Hg. The number "78" represents:
a) Systolic pressure (ventricular contraction)
b) Pulse pressure
c) Mean arterial pressure (MAP)
d) Diastolic pressure (ventricular relaxation)
Answer: d) Diastolic pressure (ventricular relaxation)
Rationale: The bottom number in a BP reading is diastolic pressure, measuring the pressure
in the arteries when the ventricles are relaxed and filling.
12. Why is the left ventricular wall thicker than the right ventricular wall?
a) It pumps blood a shorter distance.
b) It must generate higher pressure to pump blood into the high-resistance systemic circuit.
c) It receives less blood than the right ventricle.
d) It pumps blood through the low-resistance pulmonary circuit.
Answer: b) It must generate higher pressure to pump blood into the high-resistance
systemic circuit.
Rationale: The left ventricle has to overcome the high pressure of the systemic circulation
(aorta/body), requiring more muscle mass.
and Answers -Summary | LockDown Browser | Portage |Instant PDF Download|
Section 1: The Cardiovascular System (Heart & Blood Vessels)
1. Which of the following correctly describes the function of the pulmonary circuit?
a) The left side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
b) The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
c) The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body.
d) The right side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body.
Answer: b) The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
Rationale: The pulmonary circuit is run by the right side of the heart. The right ventricle
pumps deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs for gas exchange.
2. The pointed, inferior part of the heart that rests on the diaphragm is called the:
a) Base
b) Apex
c) Septum
d) Auricle
Answer: b) Apex
Rationale: The apex is the pointed inferior part of the heart, oriented toward the left hip.
The base is the superior, flat part where the great vessels attach.
3. Which layer of the heart wall is actually responsible for the contractile force that pumps
blood?
a) Epicardium
b) Endocardium
c) Myocardium
d) Fibrous pericardium
Answer: c) Myocardium
Rationale: The myocardium is the thick, muscular middle layer. It is responsible for the
squeezing action (contraction) that propels blood.
4. The tricuspid valve is located between which two chambers?
a) Left atrium and left ventricle
b) Right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
,c) Right atrium and right ventricle
d) Left ventricle and aorta
Answer: c) Right atrium and right ventricle
Rationale: The tricuspid valve is the right atrioventricular (AV) valve, preventing backflow of
blood into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts.
5. Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body?
a) Pulmonary trunk
b) Superior vena cava
c) Aorta
d) Coronary sinus
Answer: c) Aorta
Rationale: The aorta is the largest artery in the body. It receives oxygenated blood directly
from the left ventricle via the aortic valve to distribute to the systemic circuit.
6. What is the primary function of the chordae tendineae?
a) To open the semilunar valves during systole
b) To anchor the atrioventricular valves to the papillary muscles
c) To generate the electrical impulse for heart contraction
d) To supply oxygen to the heart muscle
Answer: b) To anchor the atrioventricular valves to the papillary muscles
Rationale: The chordae tendineae are "heart strings" that prevent the AV valves (tricuspid
and bicuspid) from prolapsing (flipping backward) into the atria during ventricular
contraction.
7. The natural pacemaker of the heart that establishes the normal resting heart rate is the:
a) Atrioventricular (AV) node
b) Purkinje fibers
c) Bundle of His
d) Sinoatrial (SA) node
Answer: d) Sinoatrial (SA) node
Rationale: The SA node, located in the right atrium, depolarizes spontaneously more rapidly
than other auto-rhythmic cells, setting the rhythm for the entire heart.
8. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding arteries?
a) They always carry oxygenated blood.
b) They are afferent vessels carrying blood toward the heart.
c) They are efferent vessels carrying blood away from the heart.
d) They contain valves to prevent backflow.
, Answer: c) They are efferent vessels carrying blood away from the heart.
Rationale: Arteries are defined as vessels that carry blood away from the heart (efferent).
Veins carry blood toward the heart (afferent).
9. What is the correct path of blood flow through the heart and lungs?
a) Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Lungs → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle
b) Right Ventricle → Right Atrium → Lungs → Left Ventricle → Left Atrium
c) Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Lungs → Right Atrium → Right Ventricle
d) Left Ventricle → Aorta → Lungs → Pulmonary Veins
Answer: a) Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Lungs → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle
Rationale: Deoxygenated blood enters the Right Atrium, goes to the Right Ventricle, out to
the Lungs, returns oxygenated to the Left Atrium, and ends in the Left Ventricle.
10. Which of the following factors would INCREASE peripheral resistance?
a) Vasodilation
b) Decreased blood viscosity (thinner blood)
c) Vasoconstriction
d) Increased vessel diameter
Answer: c) Vasoconstriction
Rationale: Vasoconstriction narrows the lumen of blood vessels, increasing friction and
resistance against the blood flow, which raises blood pressure.
11. A patient has a blood pressure reading of 118/78 mm Hg. The number "78" represents:
a) Systolic pressure (ventricular contraction)
b) Pulse pressure
c) Mean arterial pressure (MAP)
d) Diastolic pressure (ventricular relaxation)
Answer: d) Diastolic pressure (ventricular relaxation)
Rationale: The bottom number in a BP reading is diastolic pressure, measuring the pressure
in the arteries when the ventricles are relaxed and filling.
12. Why is the left ventricular wall thicker than the right ventricular wall?
a) It pumps blood a shorter distance.
b) It must generate higher pressure to pump blood into the high-resistance systemic circuit.
c) It receives less blood than the right ventricle.
d) It pumps blood through the low-resistance pulmonary circuit.
Answer: b) It must generate higher pressure to pump blood into the high-resistance
systemic circuit.
Rationale: The left ventricle has to overcome the high pressure of the systemic circulation
(aorta/body), requiring more muscle mass.
