Sep 2: Geographies of global change:
Reading:
Geography is…
- Study of space
- Study of how societies produce places
- Study of how human activities are stretched among different location
→ examines why things are located the way they are
- To see space as a product of society and social relations that change overtime
- That's why geographies show us class, gender, ethnicities, age, and
more.
- Examines how societies and places produce each other, such as:
1. how people organize themselves
2. How these people view their worlds
- GNP (Gross National Product): common measure of national economic activity
- Usually used to see the quality of life in a place
Economic Geography:
- Subdiscipline of geography
- Assess spaces and distribution of economic activity with the use of the world’s
resources→ transportation, communication, production, and consumption
→ There is plenty of different economic geographies
,- Economic growth is uneven
→ economic growth rate in east asia = high
→ economic growth in Latin America = lower
→ low economic growth means that the living
conditions are growing really slowly or they are not improving at all (depend son
population growth, inflation, and labor markets)
- Many places did not benefit from globalization
-
, - Development happens depending on…
- By how much social and economic changes and geographic space help or hinder
the majority of the population to get the basic human needs
Two critical issues:
1. The challenge Economic expansion → caused by the environmental constraints of
energy supplies
→ Like petrol
2. The issue of the uneven distribution of wealth between the rich and poor countries,
people, men and women.
1. Environmental Constraints:
- The environment is being destroyed from overconsumption from the developed
world
→ But also over consumed by the poor people from developing countries that
destroy their natural resources in order to make a living
→ Is there a limit to economic growth?
→ Is the world overpopulated?
→ some of such economic activities can cause the future generations to not be able to live
2. Uneven distribution of wealth:
- There is a large difference in wealth and standard of living
→ Measured by GNP per capita with social and demographic
measurement→ that look at…
a. Life expectancy
b. Infant mortality rates
c. Literacy
d. And caloric consumption
- Half of the world population earns one dollar a day
→ these countries have their economic activity take place outside the market and caught
in a vicious cycle of poverty
- During the economic boom the rich become much richer and the poor have
gained slightly
- Three decades after WWII (1845-1975)--> the GNP of developed
countries doubled
, - The International Monetary Fund (IMF) & other international agencies believed in market
fundalism
→ market fundalism: only free markes can solve social problems
→ This caused many countries to be worse off
- The goals of IMF:
1. To restore growth
2. Reduce central government involvement in their economy
3. Expand the exports of goods and services, while reducing imports to have
foreign revenue
Fours Major Questions of the World Economy:
- Issue of scarcity in space: how to fairly distribute resources
Reading:
Geography is…
- Study of space
- Study of how societies produce places
- Study of how human activities are stretched among different location
→ examines why things are located the way they are
- To see space as a product of society and social relations that change overtime
- That's why geographies show us class, gender, ethnicities, age, and
more.
- Examines how societies and places produce each other, such as:
1. how people organize themselves
2. How these people view their worlds
- GNP (Gross National Product): common measure of national economic activity
- Usually used to see the quality of life in a place
Economic Geography:
- Subdiscipline of geography
- Assess spaces and distribution of economic activity with the use of the world’s
resources→ transportation, communication, production, and consumption
→ There is plenty of different economic geographies
,- Economic growth is uneven
→ economic growth rate in east asia = high
→ economic growth in Latin America = lower
→ low economic growth means that the living
conditions are growing really slowly or they are not improving at all (depend son
population growth, inflation, and labor markets)
- Many places did not benefit from globalization
-
, - Development happens depending on…
- By how much social and economic changes and geographic space help or hinder
the majority of the population to get the basic human needs
Two critical issues:
1. The challenge Economic expansion → caused by the environmental constraints of
energy supplies
→ Like petrol
2. The issue of the uneven distribution of wealth between the rich and poor countries,
people, men and women.
1. Environmental Constraints:
- The environment is being destroyed from overconsumption from the developed
world
→ But also over consumed by the poor people from developing countries that
destroy their natural resources in order to make a living
→ Is there a limit to economic growth?
→ Is the world overpopulated?
→ some of such economic activities can cause the future generations to not be able to live
2. Uneven distribution of wealth:
- There is a large difference in wealth and standard of living
→ Measured by GNP per capita with social and demographic
measurement→ that look at…
a. Life expectancy
b. Infant mortality rates
c. Literacy
d. And caloric consumption
- Half of the world population earns one dollar a day
→ these countries have their economic activity take place outside the market and caught
in a vicious cycle of poverty
- During the economic boom the rich become much richer and the poor have
gained slightly
- Three decades after WWII (1845-1975)--> the GNP of developed
countries doubled
, - The International Monetary Fund (IMF) & other international agencies believed in market
fundalism
→ market fundalism: only free markes can solve social problems
→ This caused many countries to be worse off
- The goals of IMF:
1. To restore growth
2. Reduce central government involvement in their economy
3. Expand the exports of goods and services, while reducing imports to have
foreign revenue
Fours Major Questions of the World Economy:
- Issue of scarcity in space: how to fairly distribute resources
