(Paper 3: Human Anatomy & Physiology – Assessment Set
C)
75 Multiple Choice Questions | 75 True/False Questions | Total: 150 Questions
SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQ)
Instructions: Choose the single best answer for each question.
1. What is the medical term for the collarbone?
A. Scapula
B. Clavicle
C. Humerus
D. Sternum
Answer: B. Clavicle
Rationale: The clavicle (collarbone) connects the sternum to the scapula, forming part of the pectoral
(shoulder) girdle. It is one of the most commonly fractured bones.
2. Which organ is responsible for producing urine?
A. Bladder
B. Urethra
C. Kidney
D. Ureter
Answer: C. Kidney
Rationale: The kidneys filter blood and produce urine, which is transported by ureters to the bladder for
storage and expelled through the urethra during micturition.
3. What is the main function of the respiratory system?
A. Filter blood
B. Exchange gases (O2 and CO2) between air and blood
C. Produce hormones
D. Digest nutrients
Answer: B. Exchange gases (O2 and CO2) between air and blood
Rationale: The respiratory system's primary function is gas exchange: delivering O2 from inhaled air to the
blood and removing CO2 from the blood into exhaled air at the alveolar-capillary membrane.
4. Which type of joint allows the greatest range of motion?
A. Hinge joint
B. Pivot joint
C. Ball-and-socket joint
D. Saddle joint
Answer: C. Ball-and-socket joint
Rationale: Ball-and-socket joints (hip, shoulder) allow multiaxial movement: flexion, extension, abduction,
adduction, rotation, and circumduction—the greatest range of any synovial joint type.
5. What is the term for the process by which the body breaks down glucose to produce energy?
A. Gluconeogenesis
B. Glycogenesis
C. Cellular respiration / glycolysis
, D. Lipolysis
Answer: C. Cellular respiration / glycolysis
Rationale: Cellular respiration (including glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation) breaks down
glucose to produce ATP. Glycolysis is the first stage, occurring in the cytoplasm.
6. Which blood type is known as the universal recipient?
A. Type A
B. Type B
C. Type O
D. Type AB
Answer: D. Type AB
Rationale: Type AB individuals have both A and B antigens on RBCs and neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies
in plasma, allowing them to receive blood from any ABO type.
7. What is the function of the eardrum (tympanic membrane)?
A. Produce earwax
B. Equalize ear pressure
C. Vibrate in response to sound waves and transmit vibrations to ossicles
D. Detect head position
Answer: C. Vibrate in response to sound waves and transmit vibrations to ossicles
Rationale: The tympanic membrane is a thin cone-shaped membrane that vibrates in response to sound
waves, transmitting mechanical vibrations to the malleus (first ossicle of the middle ear).
8. Which organ produces the majority of clotting factors?
A. Bone marrow
B. Spleen
C. Kidney
D. Liver
Answer: D. Liver
Rationale: The liver produces most clotting factors including fibrinogen, prothrombin, and factors V, VII, IX, X,
XI, and XII. Liver disease (e.g., cirrhosis) impairs coagulation and causes bleeding tendency.
9. What term describes a fracture where the bone pierces through the skin?
A. Stress fracture
B. Greenstick fracture
C. Open (compound) fracture
D. Impacted fracture
Answer: C. Open (compound) fracture
Rationale: An open (compound) fracture involves a bone fragment breaking through the skin, increasing the
risk of infection, neurovascular damage, and osteomyelitis.
10. Which hormone triggers the fight-or-flight response and is released from the adrenal
medulla?
A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone
C. Epinephrine
D. Thyroxine
Answer: C. Epinephrine
Rationale: Epinephrine (adrenaline), released from the adrenal medulla in response to sympathetic
activation, prepares the body for emergency by increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and mobilizing energy
stores.
, 11. What is the role of the iris in the eye?
A. Focus light on the retina
B. Regulate the amount of light entering the eye
C. Detect color
D. Produce aqueous humor
Answer: B. Regulate the amount of light entering the eye
Rationale: The iris is the colored muscular diaphragm that controls pupil size via dilator and sphincter
pupillae muscles, regulating the amount of light entering the eye in varying conditions.
12. Which nerve is the longest in the human body?
A. Femoral nerve
B. Radial nerve
C. Vagus nerve
D. Sciatic nerve
Answer: D. Sciatic nerve
Rationale: The sciatic nerve is the longest and widest nerve in the body, arising from the sacral plexus (L4–
S3) and running from the lower back through the buttock and down the leg.
13. What is the primary function of the large intestine?
A. Digest proteins
B. Absorb most nutrients
C. Absorb water and form feces
D. Produce digestive enzymes
Answer: C. Absorb water and form feces
Rationale: The large intestine (colon) absorbs water, electrolytes (Na+, K+), and some vitamins, compacting
indigestible material into feces for elimination.
14. How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
A. 10
B. 12
C. 14
D. 8
Answer: B. 12
Rationale: There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves (CN I–XII), arising from the brain and brainstem, serving
sensory and motor functions for the head, neck, and many visceral structures.
15. What is the anatomical term for the sole of the foot?
A. Dorsal
B. Plantar
C. Palmar
D. Lateral
Answer: B. Plantar
Rationale: Plantar refers to the sole (inferior surface) of the foot. Dorsal refers to the top of the foot. Palmar
(volar) refers to the palm of the hand.
16. Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
A. M phase
B. G1 phase
C. S phase
C)
75 Multiple Choice Questions | 75 True/False Questions | Total: 150 Questions
SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQ)
Instructions: Choose the single best answer for each question.
1. What is the medical term for the collarbone?
A. Scapula
B. Clavicle
C. Humerus
D. Sternum
Answer: B. Clavicle
Rationale: The clavicle (collarbone) connects the sternum to the scapula, forming part of the pectoral
(shoulder) girdle. It is one of the most commonly fractured bones.
2. Which organ is responsible for producing urine?
A. Bladder
B. Urethra
C. Kidney
D. Ureter
Answer: C. Kidney
Rationale: The kidneys filter blood and produce urine, which is transported by ureters to the bladder for
storage and expelled through the urethra during micturition.
3. What is the main function of the respiratory system?
A. Filter blood
B. Exchange gases (O2 and CO2) between air and blood
C. Produce hormones
D. Digest nutrients
Answer: B. Exchange gases (O2 and CO2) between air and blood
Rationale: The respiratory system's primary function is gas exchange: delivering O2 from inhaled air to the
blood and removing CO2 from the blood into exhaled air at the alveolar-capillary membrane.
4. Which type of joint allows the greatest range of motion?
A. Hinge joint
B. Pivot joint
C. Ball-and-socket joint
D. Saddle joint
Answer: C. Ball-and-socket joint
Rationale: Ball-and-socket joints (hip, shoulder) allow multiaxial movement: flexion, extension, abduction,
adduction, rotation, and circumduction—the greatest range of any synovial joint type.
5. What is the term for the process by which the body breaks down glucose to produce energy?
A. Gluconeogenesis
B. Glycogenesis
C. Cellular respiration / glycolysis
, D. Lipolysis
Answer: C. Cellular respiration / glycolysis
Rationale: Cellular respiration (including glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation) breaks down
glucose to produce ATP. Glycolysis is the first stage, occurring in the cytoplasm.
6. Which blood type is known as the universal recipient?
A. Type A
B. Type B
C. Type O
D. Type AB
Answer: D. Type AB
Rationale: Type AB individuals have both A and B antigens on RBCs and neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies
in plasma, allowing them to receive blood from any ABO type.
7. What is the function of the eardrum (tympanic membrane)?
A. Produce earwax
B. Equalize ear pressure
C. Vibrate in response to sound waves and transmit vibrations to ossicles
D. Detect head position
Answer: C. Vibrate in response to sound waves and transmit vibrations to ossicles
Rationale: The tympanic membrane is a thin cone-shaped membrane that vibrates in response to sound
waves, transmitting mechanical vibrations to the malleus (first ossicle of the middle ear).
8. Which organ produces the majority of clotting factors?
A. Bone marrow
B. Spleen
C. Kidney
D. Liver
Answer: D. Liver
Rationale: The liver produces most clotting factors including fibrinogen, prothrombin, and factors V, VII, IX, X,
XI, and XII. Liver disease (e.g., cirrhosis) impairs coagulation and causes bleeding tendency.
9. What term describes a fracture where the bone pierces through the skin?
A. Stress fracture
B. Greenstick fracture
C. Open (compound) fracture
D. Impacted fracture
Answer: C. Open (compound) fracture
Rationale: An open (compound) fracture involves a bone fragment breaking through the skin, increasing the
risk of infection, neurovascular damage, and osteomyelitis.
10. Which hormone triggers the fight-or-flight response and is released from the adrenal
medulla?
A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone
C. Epinephrine
D. Thyroxine
Answer: C. Epinephrine
Rationale: Epinephrine (adrenaline), released from the adrenal medulla in response to sympathetic
activation, prepares the body for emergency by increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and mobilizing energy
stores.
, 11. What is the role of the iris in the eye?
A. Focus light on the retina
B. Regulate the amount of light entering the eye
C. Detect color
D. Produce aqueous humor
Answer: B. Regulate the amount of light entering the eye
Rationale: The iris is the colored muscular diaphragm that controls pupil size via dilator and sphincter
pupillae muscles, regulating the amount of light entering the eye in varying conditions.
12. Which nerve is the longest in the human body?
A. Femoral nerve
B. Radial nerve
C. Vagus nerve
D. Sciatic nerve
Answer: D. Sciatic nerve
Rationale: The sciatic nerve is the longest and widest nerve in the body, arising from the sacral plexus (L4–
S3) and running from the lower back through the buttock and down the leg.
13. What is the primary function of the large intestine?
A. Digest proteins
B. Absorb most nutrients
C. Absorb water and form feces
D. Produce digestive enzymes
Answer: C. Absorb water and form feces
Rationale: The large intestine (colon) absorbs water, electrolytes (Na+, K+), and some vitamins, compacting
indigestible material into feces for elimination.
14. How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
A. 10
B. 12
C. 14
D. 8
Answer: B. 12
Rationale: There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves (CN I–XII), arising from the brain and brainstem, serving
sensory and motor functions for the head, neck, and many visceral structures.
15. What is the anatomical term for the sole of the foot?
A. Dorsal
B. Plantar
C. Palmar
D. Lateral
Answer: B. Plantar
Rationale: Plantar refers to the sole (inferior surface) of the foot. Dorsal refers to the top of the foot. Palmar
(volar) refers to the palm of the hand.
16. Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
A. M phase
B. G1 phase
C. S phase
