NSG 530 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 3 2026 COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
SOLVED QUESTION SET
◉ Risk Answer: Factor that when present increases the chance of disease
Not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the likelihood of
encountering a stressor
◉ Prevalence Answer: A measure of disease that allows us to determine
a person's likelihood of having a disease. Therefore, the number of
prevalent cases is the total number of cases of disease existing in a
population. A prevalence rate is the total number of cases of a disease
existing in a population divided by the total population
Indicates how widespread the disease is
◉ Incidence Answer: A measure of disease that allows us to determine a
person's probability of being diagnosed with a disease during a given
period of time. Therefore, incidence is the number of newly diagnosed
cases of a disease. An incidence rate is the number of new cases of a
disease divided by the number of persons at risk for the disease.
Conveys information about the risk of contracting the disease.
◉ Ratio Answer: The quantitative relation between two amounts
showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within
the other.
,◉ Primary Prevention Answer: Altering susceptibility or reducing
exposure for susceptible persons
*Both illness and disease are absent
example: vaccinations, healthy lifestyles
◉ Secondary Prevention Answer: Early detection, screening, and
management of disease
*Illness absent, disease present
example: screenings and testings
◉ Tertiary Prevention Answer: Rehabilitation, supportive care, reducing
disability, and restoring effective functioning
*Both illness and disease present
example: education
◉ Epidemiology Answer: study of the patterns of disease involving
populations; examining the occurrence, incidence, prevalence,
transmission, and distribution of diseases in large groups of
populations/people
,◉ Endemic Answer: A disease theat is native to a local region
◉ Epidemic Answer: When a disease is disseninated to many individals
at the same time
(spread to many people at the same time)
◉ Pandemic Answer: Epidemics that affect large geographic regions,
perhaps spreading worldwide.
(spread to large geographic areas)
◉ *Chapter 2: Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors*
Answer:
◉ Homeostasis Answer: A state of being in which all systems are in
balance around a articular ideal "set-point"
◉ Exhausation Answer: Point where body can no longer return to
homeostasis following a prolonged exposure to noxious agents
◉ Allostatic Overload Answer: "Cost" of body's organs and tissues for
an excessive or ineffectively regulated allostatic response; effect of
"wear and tear" on the body
, ◉ Adaptation Answer: Adaptation: biopsychosocial process of change in
response to new or altered circumstances, internal or external in origin
Coping: behavioral adaptive response to a stressor using culturally based
coping mechanisms
Adaptation and coping: terms used interchangeably
◉ Arousal Answer: Includes alterations in responsiveness to homeostatic
pressures, sensory stimuli and emotional reactivity, and to changes in
motor activity
◉ Function of Cortisol Answer: Primary glucocorticoid
Affects protein metabolism
Promotes appetite and food-seeking behaviors
Has anti-inflammatory effects
Chemical mediator in the inflammation response of the body
Adrenal corticosteroid critical to maintenance of homeostasis
May synergize or antagonize effects of catecholamines
◉ *Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function* Answer:
◉ Endocrine Communication Answer: Hormones traveling in the
bloodstream
EXAM 3 2026 COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
SOLVED QUESTION SET
◉ Risk Answer: Factor that when present increases the chance of disease
Not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the likelihood of
encountering a stressor
◉ Prevalence Answer: A measure of disease that allows us to determine
a person's likelihood of having a disease. Therefore, the number of
prevalent cases is the total number of cases of disease existing in a
population. A prevalence rate is the total number of cases of a disease
existing in a population divided by the total population
Indicates how widespread the disease is
◉ Incidence Answer: A measure of disease that allows us to determine a
person's probability of being diagnosed with a disease during a given
period of time. Therefore, incidence is the number of newly diagnosed
cases of a disease. An incidence rate is the number of new cases of a
disease divided by the number of persons at risk for the disease.
Conveys information about the risk of contracting the disease.
◉ Ratio Answer: The quantitative relation between two amounts
showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within
the other.
,◉ Primary Prevention Answer: Altering susceptibility or reducing
exposure for susceptible persons
*Both illness and disease are absent
example: vaccinations, healthy lifestyles
◉ Secondary Prevention Answer: Early detection, screening, and
management of disease
*Illness absent, disease present
example: screenings and testings
◉ Tertiary Prevention Answer: Rehabilitation, supportive care, reducing
disability, and restoring effective functioning
*Both illness and disease present
example: education
◉ Epidemiology Answer: study of the patterns of disease involving
populations; examining the occurrence, incidence, prevalence,
transmission, and distribution of diseases in large groups of
populations/people
,◉ Endemic Answer: A disease theat is native to a local region
◉ Epidemic Answer: When a disease is disseninated to many individals
at the same time
(spread to many people at the same time)
◉ Pandemic Answer: Epidemics that affect large geographic regions,
perhaps spreading worldwide.
(spread to large geographic areas)
◉ *Chapter 2: Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors*
Answer:
◉ Homeostasis Answer: A state of being in which all systems are in
balance around a articular ideal "set-point"
◉ Exhausation Answer: Point where body can no longer return to
homeostasis following a prolonged exposure to noxious agents
◉ Allostatic Overload Answer: "Cost" of body's organs and tissues for
an excessive or ineffectively regulated allostatic response; effect of
"wear and tear" on the body
, ◉ Adaptation Answer: Adaptation: biopsychosocial process of change in
response to new or altered circumstances, internal or external in origin
Coping: behavioral adaptive response to a stressor using culturally based
coping mechanisms
Adaptation and coping: terms used interchangeably
◉ Arousal Answer: Includes alterations in responsiveness to homeostatic
pressures, sensory stimuli and emotional reactivity, and to changes in
motor activity
◉ Function of Cortisol Answer: Primary glucocorticoid
Affects protein metabolism
Promotes appetite and food-seeking behaviors
Has anti-inflammatory effects
Chemical mediator in the inflammation response of the body
Adrenal corticosteroid critical to maintenance of homeostasis
May synergize or antagonize effects of catecholamines
◉ *Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function* Answer:
◉ Endocrine Communication Answer: Hormones traveling in the
bloodstream
