AP Biology Exam Questions And Correct
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Rationales 2025/2026 Q&A | Instant
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1. Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP in
eukaryotic cells?
A) Nucleus
B) Ribosome
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Mitochondrion
ATP is generated by the mitochondria via cellular respiration, making
them the “powerhouse” of the cell.
2. What is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering
blood?
A) Nephron
B) Ureter
C) Glomerulus
D) Nephron
The nephron filters blood, reabsorbs needed substances, and secretes
waste to form urine.
3. Which macromolecule forms the primary structure of cell
membranes?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Nucleic acids
C) Phospholipids
D) Proteins
Phospholipids form a bilayer that creates a semi-permeable barrier
around the cell.
,4. During muscle contraction, which protein slides past the other to
shorten the sarcomere?
A) Myosin slides past actin
B) Actin slides past titin
C) Titin slides past actin
D) Actin slides past myosin
Actin filaments are pulled by myosin heads, shortening the sarcomere
and causing contraction.
5. Which type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines cavities?
A) Muscle tissue
B) Nervous tissue
C) Epithelial tissue
D) Connective tissue
Epithelial tissue forms protective layers and can also specialize in
absorption and secretion.
6. The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical
energy is called:
A) Cellular respiration
B) Fermentation
C) Photosynthesis
D) Chemiosmosis
Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, converting sunlight into
glucose and oxygen.
7. Which organ system is responsible for transporting oxygen and
nutrients to cells?
A) Nervous
B) Digestive
C) Circulatory
D) Respiratory
, The circulatory system moves blood, which carries oxygen and
nutrients to tissues and removes wastes.
8. In DNA replication, which enzyme unwinds the double helix?
A) Ligase
B) Helicase
C) DNA polymerase
D) RNA primase
Helicase separates the two DNA strands so replication can occur.
9. What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?
A) Covalent
B) Hydrogen
C) Ionic
D) Peptide
Hydrogen bonds between complementary bases stabilize the DNA
double helix.
10. Which hormone regulates blood glucose by lowering it?
A) Glucagon
B) Cortisol
C) Insulin
D) Epinephrine
Insulin promotes the uptake of glucose into cells, reducing blood
glucose levels.
11. Which structure is the basic functional unit of the nervous
system?
A) Axon
B) Dendrite
C) Neuron
D) Synapse
Neurons transmit electrical and chemical signals throughout the
body.
Answers (Verified Answers) Plus
Rationales 2025/2026 Q&A | Instant
Download Pdf
1. Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP in
eukaryotic cells?
A) Nucleus
B) Ribosome
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Mitochondrion
ATP is generated by the mitochondria via cellular respiration, making
them the “powerhouse” of the cell.
2. What is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering
blood?
A) Nephron
B) Ureter
C) Glomerulus
D) Nephron
The nephron filters blood, reabsorbs needed substances, and secretes
waste to form urine.
3. Which macromolecule forms the primary structure of cell
membranes?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Nucleic acids
C) Phospholipids
D) Proteins
Phospholipids form a bilayer that creates a semi-permeable barrier
around the cell.
,4. During muscle contraction, which protein slides past the other to
shorten the sarcomere?
A) Myosin slides past actin
B) Actin slides past titin
C) Titin slides past actin
D) Actin slides past myosin
Actin filaments are pulled by myosin heads, shortening the sarcomere
and causing contraction.
5. Which type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines cavities?
A) Muscle tissue
B) Nervous tissue
C) Epithelial tissue
D) Connective tissue
Epithelial tissue forms protective layers and can also specialize in
absorption and secretion.
6. The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical
energy is called:
A) Cellular respiration
B) Fermentation
C) Photosynthesis
D) Chemiosmosis
Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, converting sunlight into
glucose and oxygen.
7. Which organ system is responsible for transporting oxygen and
nutrients to cells?
A) Nervous
B) Digestive
C) Circulatory
D) Respiratory
, The circulatory system moves blood, which carries oxygen and
nutrients to tissues and removes wastes.
8. In DNA replication, which enzyme unwinds the double helix?
A) Ligase
B) Helicase
C) DNA polymerase
D) RNA primase
Helicase separates the two DNA strands so replication can occur.
9. What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?
A) Covalent
B) Hydrogen
C) Ionic
D) Peptide
Hydrogen bonds between complementary bases stabilize the DNA
double helix.
10. Which hormone regulates blood glucose by lowering it?
A) Glucagon
B) Cortisol
C) Insulin
D) Epinephrine
Insulin promotes the uptake of glucose into cells, reducing blood
glucose levels.
11. Which structure is the basic functional unit of the nervous
system?
A) Axon
B) Dendrite
C) Neuron
D) Synapse
Neurons transmit electrical and chemical signals throughout the
body.
