NURS 8022 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE 2026 ACTUAL TEST
PAPER COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
◉ Appendicular skeleton. Answer: bones of the shoulder, pelvis, and
upper and lower extremities; 126 bones
◉ osteoblasts. Answer: bone forming cells; bone is shaped according to
function; derived from mesenchymal cells; produce osteocalcin when
stimulated by vitamin D
◉ osteoclasts. Answer: Bone-destroying cells, break down bone matrix
for remodeling and the release of calcium; large and multinucleated
◉ osteocytes. Answer: a bone cell, formed when an osteoblast becomes
embedded in the matrix it has secreted; maintain bone by signaling
osteoblasts and osteoclasts to form and resorb bone
◉ Compact bone. Answer: Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the
outer membrane of a bone; cortical bone; 85% of the skeleton; solid and
strong; haversian system is basic structural unit in compact bone
◉ Spongy bone. Answer: Layer of bone tissue having many small
spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone; cancellous bone;
, 15% of the skeleton; filled with red bone marrow; lack haversian
system; trabeculae: plates or bars instead
◉ bone remodeling. Answer: ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by
new bone tissue
◉ bone repair. Answer: 1. hematoma formation
2. callus formation
3. callus ossification
4. bone remodeling
◉ Fibrous joints. Answer: consists of inflexible layers of dense
connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together; sutures
◉ cartilaginous joints. Answer: allow only slight movement and consist
of bones connected entirely by cartilage
◉ symphysis joint. Answer: two bones joined by fibrocartilage;
symphysis pubis and intervertebral disks
◉ synchondrosis joint. Answer: Bones are joined by Hyaline cartilage
only; joints between ribs and sternum
◉ synovial joints. Answer: most movable and the most complex joints
EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE 2026 ACTUAL TEST
PAPER COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
◉ Appendicular skeleton. Answer: bones of the shoulder, pelvis, and
upper and lower extremities; 126 bones
◉ osteoblasts. Answer: bone forming cells; bone is shaped according to
function; derived from mesenchymal cells; produce osteocalcin when
stimulated by vitamin D
◉ osteoclasts. Answer: Bone-destroying cells, break down bone matrix
for remodeling and the release of calcium; large and multinucleated
◉ osteocytes. Answer: a bone cell, formed when an osteoblast becomes
embedded in the matrix it has secreted; maintain bone by signaling
osteoblasts and osteoclasts to form and resorb bone
◉ Compact bone. Answer: Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the
outer membrane of a bone; cortical bone; 85% of the skeleton; solid and
strong; haversian system is basic structural unit in compact bone
◉ Spongy bone. Answer: Layer of bone tissue having many small
spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone; cancellous bone;
, 15% of the skeleton; filled with red bone marrow; lack haversian
system; trabeculae: plates or bars instead
◉ bone remodeling. Answer: ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by
new bone tissue
◉ bone repair. Answer: 1. hematoma formation
2. callus formation
3. callus ossification
4. bone remodeling
◉ Fibrous joints. Answer: consists of inflexible layers of dense
connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together; sutures
◉ cartilaginous joints. Answer: allow only slight movement and consist
of bones connected entirely by cartilage
◉ symphysis joint. Answer: two bones joined by fibrocartilage;
symphysis pubis and intervertebral disks
◉ synchondrosis joint. Answer: Bones are joined by Hyaline cartilage
only; joints between ribs and sternum
◉ synovial joints. Answer: most movable and the most complex joints
