Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027
Includes Frequently Tested Questions With
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1. Electron configuration for cations - Correct Answer: Subtract 1 from
exponent of highest n-value orbital (ex. remove from 4s before 3d)
Ag+ = [Kr]5s^1 4d^9
2. Electron configuration for anions - Correct Answer: Add 1 to closest
orbital
Cl- = [Ne]3s^2 3p^6
3. Atomic orbitals - Correct Answer: s, p, d, f
4. Primary vs secondary structures of proteins - Correct Answer: Primary -
AA chain (linked by peptide bonds)
Secondary - stabilized by non-covalent bonds (alpha helices & beta sheets)
5. Most bonds in organic compounds are - Correct Answer: covalent
,6. Properties of water - Correct Answer: 1. polar
2. capable of adhesion and cohesion
3. high heat capacity (so it's hard to raise its temp)
4. great solvent
5. high heat of vaporization (allows humans to cool off via sweat)
6. water is less dense as a solid than a liquid
7. Intermolecular forces of water - Correct Answer: hydrogen bonding
8. Solution components - Correct Answer: 1. solvent (product being
dissolved)
2. solute (medium for dissolving solvent)
9. Molarity - Correct Answer: the number of moles of solute per liter of
solution
10.Solubility rules - Correct Answer: SOLUBLE
alkali metals (group 1) & NH4+ cations
NO3- or CH3COO- anions
Cl, Br, I (except when bonded to Ag+, Pb2+ or Hg2+)
sulfate ions (except when with Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Pb2+)
INSOLUBLE
, Metal oxides (except CaO, SrO, BaO)
Hydroxides (except when with Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+)
Carbonates, phosphates, sulfides, and sulfites (unless bound to alkali metal or
NH4+)
11.Solubility product - Correct Answer: Ksp = [A]^a[B]^b
12.**only products because we don't include solids in the equilibrium
expression
for NaCl
- Ksp = x^2
for PbCl2
- Ksp = 4x^3
for Cr(OH)3
- Ksp = 27x^4
13.Large Ksp means - Correct Answer: strong electrolyte (more soluble)
14.Strong acids - Correct Answer: So I brought no clean clothes
i. H2SO4
ii. HI
iii. HBr
iv. HNO3
v. HCl
vi. HClO4
vii. HClO3
, 15.Strong bases - Correct Answer: i. NaOH
i. LiOH
ii. KOH
iii. CsOH
iv. RbOH
v. Ba(OH)2
vi. Ca(OH)2
vii. Sr(OH)2
16.Bases can certainly look pleasing (K), really something strong (Na)
17.Le Chatlier's principle: pressure - Correct Answer: pressure applied (or
volume reduced) --> equilibrium proceeds in direction with fewer moles
pressure removed (or volume increased) --> equilibrium proceeds in direction
with more moles
18.Le Chatlier's principle: temperature - Correct Answer: increasing
temperature
- toward products (if endothermic)
- toward reactants (if exothermic)
19.decreasing temperature
- toward products (if exothermic)
- toward reactants (if endothermic)