NURS 5433 MIDTERM EXAM |
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES GRADED A+
LATEST
Question 1
A patient with chronic kidney disease presents with fatigue and pallor. Laboratory
results show hemoglobin of 8.9 g/dL. What is the most likely underlying
mechanism?
A. Decreased iron absorption
B. Reduced erythropoietin production
C. Increased red blood cell destruction
D. Vitamin B12 deficiency
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chronic kidney disease reduces erythropoietin production by the
kidneys, leading to decreased red blood cell synthesis and anemia.
Question 2
A 58-year-old patient with long-standing hypertension develops left ventricular
hypertrophy. This adaptation primarily occurs due to:
A. Increased preload
B. Increased afterload
C. Reduced myocardial oxygen demand
D. Decreased systemic vascular resistance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chronic hypertension increases afterload, forcing the left ventricle to
work harder, leading to myocardial hypertrophy.
,Question 3
Which finding is most consistent with metabolic acidosis?
A. Decreased respiratory rate
B. Increased bicarbonate level
C. Decreased arterial pH
D. Increased PaCO₂
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metabolic acidosis is characterized by decreased pH due to reduced
bicarbonate or increased acid load.
Question 4
A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus presents with polyuria and polydipsia.
These symptoms are primarily caused by:
A. Increased insulin resistance
B. Osmotic diuresis from hyperglycemia
C. Reduced aldosterone secretion
D. Impaired thirst mechanism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Elevated blood glucose leads to osmotic diuresis, resulting in excessive
urination and dehydration.
Question 5
Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to cause cardiac arrhythmias?
A. Hyponatremia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypophosphatemia
,Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Potassium plays a critical role in cardiac electrical activity; elevated
levels increase the risk of life-threatening arrhythmias.
Question 6
A patient develops sudden shortness of breath and pink frothy sputum. This
presentation is most indicative of:
A. Pulmonary embolism
B. Acute pulmonary edema
C. Pneumothorax
D. Chronic bronchitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pink frothy sputum and acute dyspnea are hallmark signs of pulmonary
edema due to fluid accumulation in alveoli.
Question 7
Which immune cell is primarily responsible for antibody production?
A. T lymphocytes
B. Neutrophils
C. B lymphocytes
D. Macrophages
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: B lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies.
, Question 8
A patient with liver cirrhosis develops ascites. This is primarily due to:
A. Increased oncotic pressure
B. Portal hypertension
C. Increased erythropoietin
D. Decreased aldosterone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Portal hypertension increases hydrostatic pressure, leading to fluid
leakage into the peritoneal cavity.
Question 9
Which hormone is responsible for increasing blood calcium levels?
A. Calcitonin
B. Aldosterone
C. Parathyroid hormone
D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone raises serum calcium by increasing bone
resorption and renal calcium reabsorption.
Question 10
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is most likely to exhibit:
A. Respiratory alkalosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Metabolic acidosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: CO₂ retention in COPD leads to chronic respiratory acidosis.
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES GRADED A+
LATEST
Question 1
A patient with chronic kidney disease presents with fatigue and pallor. Laboratory
results show hemoglobin of 8.9 g/dL. What is the most likely underlying
mechanism?
A. Decreased iron absorption
B. Reduced erythropoietin production
C. Increased red blood cell destruction
D. Vitamin B12 deficiency
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chronic kidney disease reduces erythropoietin production by the
kidneys, leading to decreased red blood cell synthesis and anemia.
Question 2
A 58-year-old patient with long-standing hypertension develops left ventricular
hypertrophy. This adaptation primarily occurs due to:
A. Increased preload
B. Increased afterload
C. Reduced myocardial oxygen demand
D. Decreased systemic vascular resistance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chronic hypertension increases afterload, forcing the left ventricle to
work harder, leading to myocardial hypertrophy.
,Question 3
Which finding is most consistent with metabolic acidosis?
A. Decreased respiratory rate
B. Increased bicarbonate level
C. Decreased arterial pH
D. Increased PaCO₂
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metabolic acidosis is characterized by decreased pH due to reduced
bicarbonate or increased acid load.
Question 4
A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus presents with polyuria and polydipsia.
These symptoms are primarily caused by:
A. Increased insulin resistance
B. Osmotic diuresis from hyperglycemia
C. Reduced aldosterone secretion
D. Impaired thirst mechanism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Elevated blood glucose leads to osmotic diuresis, resulting in excessive
urination and dehydration.
Question 5
Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to cause cardiac arrhythmias?
A. Hyponatremia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypophosphatemia
,Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Potassium plays a critical role in cardiac electrical activity; elevated
levels increase the risk of life-threatening arrhythmias.
Question 6
A patient develops sudden shortness of breath and pink frothy sputum. This
presentation is most indicative of:
A. Pulmonary embolism
B. Acute pulmonary edema
C. Pneumothorax
D. Chronic bronchitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pink frothy sputum and acute dyspnea are hallmark signs of pulmonary
edema due to fluid accumulation in alveoli.
Question 7
Which immune cell is primarily responsible for antibody production?
A. T lymphocytes
B. Neutrophils
C. B lymphocytes
D. Macrophages
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: B lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies.
, Question 8
A patient with liver cirrhosis develops ascites. This is primarily due to:
A. Increased oncotic pressure
B. Portal hypertension
C. Increased erythropoietin
D. Decreased aldosterone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Portal hypertension increases hydrostatic pressure, leading to fluid
leakage into the peritoneal cavity.
Question 9
Which hormone is responsible for increasing blood calcium levels?
A. Calcitonin
B. Aldosterone
C. Parathyroid hormone
D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone raises serum calcium by increasing bone
resorption and renal calcium reabsorption.
Question 10
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is most likely to exhibit:
A. Respiratory alkalosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Metabolic acidosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: CO₂ retention in COPD leads to chronic respiratory acidosis.
