Test Bank Understanding Pathophysiology 7th Edition by
Sue Huether, Kathryn McCance Chapter 1-44|Complete
Guide A+
,1
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It
is!!observed!!to!!have!!supercoiled!!DNA!!with!!histones.!!Which!!of!!the!!following!!would!!also!!be!!observed!!by!!the
!!student?
a. A!!single!!circular!!chromosome
b. A!!nucleus
c. Free-floating!!nuclear!!material
d. No!!organelles
ANS:!!B
The!!cell!!described!!is!!a!!eukaryotic!!cell,!!so!!it!!has!!histones!!and!!a!!supercoiled!!DNA!!within!!its!!nucleus;!!thus,!!t
he!!nucleus!!should!!be!!observed.!!A!!single!!circular!!chromosome!!called!!a!!prokaryote!!contains!!free-
floating!!nuclear!!material!!but!!has!!no!!organelles.
REF:!!p.!!2
2. A!!nurse!!is!!instructing!!the!!staff!!about!!cellular!!functions.!!Which!!cellular!!function!!is!!the!!nurse!!describing!!wh
en!!an!!isolated!!cell!!absorbs!!oxygen!!and!!uses!!it!!to!!transform!!nutrients!!to!!energy?
a. Metabolic!!absorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:!!D
The!!cell’s!!ability!!to!!absorb!!oxygen!!is!!referred!!to!!as!!respiration!!while!!its!!communication!!ability!!involves!!ma
intenance!!of!!a!!steady!!dynamic!!state,!!metabolic!!absorption!!provides!!nutrition,!!and!!secretion!!allows!!for!!the!!sy
nthesizing!!of!!new!!substances.
REF:!!p.!!2
3. A!!eukaryotic!!cell!!is!!undergoing!!DNA!!replication.!!In!!which!!region!!of!!the!!cell!!would!!most!!of!!the!!genetic!!inform
ation!!be!!contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus!!Cytoplasm
ANS:!!C
The!!region!!of!!the!!cell!!that!!contains!!genetic!!material,!!including!!a!!large!!amount!!of!!ribonucleic!!acid,!!most!!
of!!the!!DNA,!!and!!DNA-
binding!!proteins,!!is!!the!!nucleolus,!!which!!is!!located!!within!!the!!cell’s!!nucleus.!!Mitochondria!!is!!associated!!
with!!cellular!!respiration,!!while!!ribosomes!!are!!involved!!with!!protein!!manufacturing.!!Cytoplasm!!is!!a!!fluid!!
filling!!that!!is!!a!!component!!of!!the!!cell.
REF:!!p.!!2
,2
4.!!Which!!of!!the!!following!!can!!remove!!proteins!!attached!!to!!the!!cell’s!!bilayer!!by!!dissolving!!the!!layer!!itself?
a. Peripheral!!membrane!!proteins
b. Integral!!membrane!!proteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell!!adhesion!!molecules
ANS:!!B
Proteins!!directly!!attached!!to!!the!!membrane!!bilayer!!can!!be!!removed!!by!!the!!action!!of!!integral!!membrane!!prot
eins!!that!!dissolve!!the!!bilayer.!!Peripheral!!membrane!!proteins!!reside!!at!!the!!surface!!while!!cell!!adhesion!!molecu
les!!are!!on!!the!!outside!!of!!the!!membrane.!!Glycoprotein!!marks!!cells!!and!!does!!not!!float.
REF:!!p.!!7
5. Which!!of!!the!!following!!can!!bind!!to!!plasma!!membrane!!receptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic!!lipids
d. Ligands
ANS:!!D
Ligands!!are!!the!!only!!specific!!molecules!!that!!can!!bind!!with!!receptors!!on!!the!!cell!!membr
ane.!!REF:!!p.!!9
6. A!!nurse!!is!!reviewing!!a!!report!!from!!a!!patient!!with!!metastatic!!cancer.!!What!!alternation!!in!!the!!extracellular!!m
atrix!!would!!support!!the!!diagnosis!!of!!metastatic!!cancer?
A. Decreased!!fibronectin
B. Increased!!collagen
C. Decreased!!elastin
D. Increased!!glycoproteins
ANS:!!A
Only!!a!!reduced!!amount!!of!!fibronectin!!is!!found!!in!!some!!types!!of!!cancerous!!cells,!!allowing!!them!!to!!travel!!or!!
metastasize.
REF:!!p.!!10
7. Which!!form!!of!!cell!!communication!!is!!used!!to!!relate!!to!!other!!cells!!in!!direct!!physical!!contact?!!a.!!Cell!!junction
b. Gap!!junction
c. Desmosome
d. Tight!!junction
ANS:!!A
Cell!!junctions!!hold!!cells!!together!!and!!permit!!molecules!!to!!pass!!from!!cell!!to!!cell.
Gap!!junctions!!allow!!for!!cellular!!communication!!between!!cells.!!Neither!!desmosomes!!nor!!tight!!junctions!!are!!a
ssociated!!with!!cellular!!communication.
REF:!!p.!!11
, 3
8.!!Pancreatic!!beta!!cells!!secrete!!insulin,!!which!!inhibits!!secretion!!of!!glucagon!!from!!neighboring!!alpha!!cells.!!
Thisaction!!is!!an!!example!!of!!which!!of!!the!!following!!signaling!!types?!!a.!!Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS:!!A
Paracrine!!signaling!!involves!!the!!release!!of!!local!!chemical!!mediators!!that!!are!!quickly!!taken!!up,!!destroyed,!!or
!!immobilized,!!as!!in!!the!!case!!of!!insulin!!and!!the!!inhibition!!of!!the!!secretion!!of!!glucagon.!!None!!of!!the!!other!!op
tions!!involve!!signaling!!that!!is!!associated!!with!!a!!local!!chemical!!mediator!!like!!insulin.
REF:!!p.!!12
9. In!!cellular!!metabolism,!!each!!enzyme!!has!!a!!high!!affinity!!for!!a:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS:!!B
Each!!enzyme!!has!!a!!high!!affinity!!for!!a!!substrate,!!a!!specific!!substance!!converted!!to!!a!!product!!of!!the!!reaction
.!!Cellular!!metabolism!!is!!not!!dependent!!on!!an!!attraction!!between!!an!!enzyme!!and!!any!!of!!the!!remaining!!option
s.
REF:!!p.!!16
10. An!!athlete!!runs!!a!!marathon,!!after!!which!!his!!muscles!!feel!!fatigued!!and!!unable!!to!!contract.!!The!!athlete!!asks!!the!!
nurse!!why!!this!!happened.!!The!!nurse’s!!response!!is!!based!!on!!the!!knowledge!!that!!the!!problem!!is!!result!!of!!a!!de
ficiency!!of:
a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS:!!C
When!!ATP!!is!!deficient,!!impaired!!muscle!!contraction!!results.!!None!!of!!the!!other!!options!!are!!involved!!in!!muscl
e!!contraction.
REF:!!p.!!16
11. Which!!phase!!of!!catabolism!!produces!!the!!most!!ATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric!!acid!!cycle
ANS:!!D
While!!some!!ATP!!is!!produced!!during!!the!!oxidation!!and!!glycolysis!!phases,!!most!!of!!the!!ATP!!is!!generated!!du
ring!!the!!citric!!acid!!cycle.!!Digestion!!does!!not!!produce!!any!!ATP.
REF:!!p.!!16
Sue Huether, Kathryn McCance Chapter 1-44|Complete
Guide A+
,1
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It
is!!observed!!to!!have!!supercoiled!!DNA!!with!!histones.!!Which!!of!!the!!following!!would!!also!!be!!observed!!by!!the
!!student?
a. A!!single!!circular!!chromosome
b. A!!nucleus
c. Free-floating!!nuclear!!material
d. No!!organelles
ANS:!!B
The!!cell!!described!!is!!a!!eukaryotic!!cell,!!so!!it!!has!!histones!!and!!a!!supercoiled!!DNA!!within!!its!!nucleus;!!thus,!!t
he!!nucleus!!should!!be!!observed.!!A!!single!!circular!!chromosome!!called!!a!!prokaryote!!contains!!free-
floating!!nuclear!!material!!but!!has!!no!!organelles.
REF:!!p.!!2
2. A!!nurse!!is!!instructing!!the!!staff!!about!!cellular!!functions.!!Which!!cellular!!function!!is!!the!!nurse!!describing!!wh
en!!an!!isolated!!cell!!absorbs!!oxygen!!and!!uses!!it!!to!!transform!!nutrients!!to!!energy?
a. Metabolic!!absorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:!!D
The!!cell’s!!ability!!to!!absorb!!oxygen!!is!!referred!!to!!as!!respiration!!while!!its!!communication!!ability!!involves!!ma
intenance!!of!!a!!steady!!dynamic!!state,!!metabolic!!absorption!!provides!!nutrition,!!and!!secretion!!allows!!for!!the!!sy
nthesizing!!of!!new!!substances.
REF:!!p.!!2
3. A!!eukaryotic!!cell!!is!!undergoing!!DNA!!replication.!!In!!which!!region!!of!!the!!cell!!would!!most!!of!!the!!genetic!!inform
ation!!be!!contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus!!Cytoplasm
ANS:!!C
The!!region!!of!!the!!cell!!that!!contains!!genetic!!material,!!including!!a!!large!!amount!!of!!ribonucleic!!acid,!!most!!
of!!the!!DNA,!!and!!DNA-
binding!!proteins,!!is!!the!!nucleolus,!!which!!is!!located!!within!!the!!cell’s!!nucleus.!!Mitochondria!!is!!associated!!
with!!cellular!!respiration,!!while!!ribosomes!!are!!involved!!with!!protein!!manufacturing.!!Cytoplasm!!is!!a!!fluid!!
filling!!that!!is!!a!!component!!of!!the!!cell.
REF:!!p.!!2
,2
4.!!Which!!of!!the!!following!!can!!remove!!proteins!!attached!!to!!the!!cell’s!!bilayer!!by!!dissolving!!the!!layer!!itself?
a. Peripheral!!membrane!!proteins
b. Integral!!membrane!!proteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell!!adhesion!!molecules
ANS:!!B
Proteins!!directly!!attached!!to!!the!!membrane!!bilayer!!can!!be!!removed!!by!!the!!action!!of!!integral!!membrane!!prot
eins!!that!!dissolve!!the!!bilayer.!!Peripheral!!membrane!!proteins!!reside!!at!!the!!surface!!while!!cell!!adhesion!!molecu
les!!are!!on!!the!!outside!!of!!the!!membrane.!!Glycoprotein!!marks!!cells!!and!!does!!not!!float.
REF:!!p.!!7
5. Which!!of!!the!!following!!can!!bind!!to!!plasma!!membrane!!receptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic!!lipids
d. Ligands
ANS:!!D
Ligands!!are!!the!!only!!specific!!molecules!!that!!can!!bind!!with!!receptors!!on!!the!!cell!!membr
ane.!!REF:!!p.!!9
6. A!!nurse!!is!!reviewing!!a!!report!!from!!a!!patient!!with!!metastatic!!cancer.!!What!!alternation!!in!!the!!extracellular!!m
atrix!!would!!support!!the!!diagnosis!!of!!metastatic!!cancer?
A. Decreased!!fibronectin
B. Increased!!collagen
C. Decreased!!elastin
D. Increased!!glycoproteins
ANS:!!A
Only!!a!!reduced!!amount!!of!!fibronectin!!is!!found!!in!!some!!types!!of!!cancerous!!cells,!!allowing!!them!!to!!travel!!or!!
metastasize.
REF:!!p.!!10
7. Which!!form!!of!!cell!!communication!!is!!used!!to!!relate!!to!!other!!cells!!in!!direct!!physical!!contact?!!a.!!Cell!!junction
b. Gap!!junction
c. Desmosome
d. Tight!!junction
ANS:!!A
Cell!!junctions!!hold!!cells!!together!!and!!permit!!molecules!!to!!pass!!from!!cell!!to!!cell.
Gap!!junctions!!allow!!for!!cellular!!communication!!between!!cells.!!Neither!!desmosomes!!nor!!tight!!junctions!!are!!a
ssociated!!with!!cellular!!communication.
REF:!!p.!!11
, 3
8.!!Pancreatic!!beta!!cells!!secrete!!insulin,!!which!!inhibits!!secretion!!of!!glucagon!!from!!neighboring!!alpha!!cells.!!
Thisaction!!is!!an!!example!!of!!which!!of!!the!!following!!signaling!!types?!!a.!!Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS:!!A
Paracrine!!signaling!!involves!!the!!release!!of!!local!!chemical!!mediators!!that!!are!!quickly!!taken!!up,!!destroyed,!!or
!!immobilized,!!as!!in!!the!!case!!of!!insulin!!and!!the!!inhibition!!of!!the!!secretion!!of!!glucagon.!!None!!of!!the!!other!!op
tions!!involve!!signaling!!that!!is!!associated!!with!!a!!local!!chemical!!mediator!!like!!insulin.
REF:!!p.!!12
9. In!!cellular!!metabolism,!!each!!enzyme!!has!!a!!high!!affinity!!for!!a:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS:!!B
Each!!enzyme!!has!!a!!high!!affinity!!for!!a!!substrate,!!a!!specific!!substance!!converted!!to!!a!!product!!of!!the!!reaction
.!!Cellular!!metabolism!!is!!not!!dependent!!on!!an!!attraction!!between!!an!!enzyme!!and!!any!!of!!the!!remaining!!option
s.
REF:!!p.!!16
10. An!!athlete!!runs!!a!!marathon,!!after!!which!!his!!muscles!!feel!!fatigued!!and!!unable!!to!!contract.!!The!!athlete!!asks!!the!!
nurse!!why!!this!!happened.!!The!!nurse’s!!response!!is!!based!!on!!the!!knowledge!!that!!the!!problem!!is!!result!!of!!a!!de
ficiency!!of:
a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS:!!C
When!!ATP!!is!!deficient,!!impaired!!muscle!!contraction!!results.!!None!!of!!the!!other!!options!!are!!involved!!in!!muscl
e!!contraction.
REF:!!p.!!16
11. Which!!phase!!of!!catabolism!!produces!!the!!most!!ATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric!!acid!!cycle
ANS:!!D
While!!some!!ATP!!is!!produced!!during!!the!!oxidation!!and!!glycolysis!!phases,!!most!!of!!the!!ATP!!is!!generated!!du
ring!!the!!citric!!acid!!cycle.!!Digestion!!does!!not!!produce!!any!!ATP.
REF:!!p.!!16
