BIOD 101 FINALS 2026/2027 PAPER QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔ a. Name the three parts of a nucleic acid nucleotide.
b. What are the particular types of each of these that are found in DNA and what are the
corresponding types that are found in RNA? - ✔✔a. sugar, phosphate group,
nitrogenous base
b. DNA- deoxyribose- phosphate group- adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
RNA- ribose -phosphate group- adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
✔✔What are the four major differences btw DNA and RNA? - ✔✔1. DNA contains
deoxyribose - RNA is ribose
2. DNA: thymine
RNA: uracil
3. DNA: double stranded helix
RNA: single strand
✔✔DNA is often described as a coiled ladder. In this description, what two parts of a
DNA nucleotide form the uprights? What part forms the rungs? - ✔✔The uprights are
the sugar phosphate backbone, and the rungs are the bases.
✔✔Explain the 2 differences btw hydrolysis and dehydration condensation. - ✔✔During
dehydration condensation biomacromolecules are synthesized by joining building block
monomers. A water molecule is lost and energy is used.
Biomacromolecules are broken down into monomers during hydrolysis when a water
molecule is added and energy is released.
✔✔Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid.
Then explain the use of each.
GLUCOSE - ✔✔Carbohydrate; used as fuel, is referred to as blood sugar in humans
and animals
✔✔Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid.
Then explain the use of each.
Starch - ✔✔Carbohydrate; the form in which plants store glucose
✔✔Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid.
Then explain the use of each.
Cellulose - ✔✔Carbohydrate; woody tissue in plants and trees, indigestible fiber
, ✔✔Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid.
Then explain the use of each.
Triglyceride - ✔✔Lipid; the major form of fuel storage that when broken down produces
twice as much energy per gram than carbohydrates
✔✔Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid.
Then explain the use of each.
Phopholipid - ✔✔Lipid; the major constituent of cell membranes
✔✔Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid.
Then explain the use of each.
Hemoglobin - ✔✔Protein; carries oxygen in the blood
✔✔Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid.
Then explain the use of each.
DNA - ✔✔Nucleic Acid; contains genetic material of cells
✔✔Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid.
Then explain the use of each.
RNA - ✔✔Nucleic Acid; part of the protein-synthesizing operation of the cell
✔✔Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid.
Then explain the use of each.
Cholesterol - ✔✔Lipid; component of animal cell membranes that, when in excess, can
form plaque on artery walls
✔✔Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid.
Then explain the use of each.
ATP - ✔✔Nucleic Acid; releases energy through the breaking of high-energy phosphate
bond
✔✔Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid.
Then explain the use of each.
Glycogen - ✔✔Carbohydrate; the form in which animals and humans store glucose
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔ a. Name the three parts of a nucleic acid nucleotide.
b. What are the particular types of each of these that are found in DNA and what are the
corresponding types that are found in RNA? - ✔✔a. sugar, phosphate group,
nitrogenous base
b. DNA- deoxyribose- phosphate group- adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
RNA- ribose -phosphate group- adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
✔✔What are the four major differences btw DNA and RNA? - ✔✔1. DNA contains
deoxyribose - RNA is ribose
2. DNA: thymine
RNA: uracil
3. DNA: double stranded helix
RNA: single strand
✔✔DNA is often described as a coiled ladder. In this description, what two parts of a
DNA nucleotide form the uprights? What part forms the rungs? - ✔✔The uprights are
the sugar phosphate backbone, and the rungs are the bases.
✔✔Explain the 2 differences btw hydrolysis and dehydration condensation. - ✔✔During
dehydration condensation biomacromolecules are synthesized by joining building block
monomers. A water molecule is lost and energy is used.
Biomacromolecules are broken down into monomers during hydrolysis when a water
molecule is added and energy is released.
✔✔Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid.
Then explain the use of each.
GLUCOSE - ✔✔Carbohydrate; used as fuel, is referred to as blood sugar in humans
and animals
✔✔Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid.
Then explain the use of each.
Starch - ✔✔Carbohydrate; the form in which plants store glucose
✔✔Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid.
Then explain the use of each.
Cellulose - ✔✔Carbohydrate; woody tissue in plants and trees, indigestible fiber
, ✔✔Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid.
Then explain the use of each.
Triglyceride - ✔✔Lipid; the major form of fuel storage that when broken down produces
twice as much energy per gram than carbohydrates
✔✔Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid.
Then explain the use of each.
Phopholipid - ✔✔Lipid; the major constituent of cell membranes
✔✔Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid.
Then explain the use of each.
Hemoglobin - ✔✔Protein; carries oxygen in the blood
✔✔Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid.
Then explain the use of each.
DNA - ✔✔Nucleic Acid; contains genetic material of cells
✔✔Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid.
Then explain the use of each.
RNA - ✔✔Nucleic Acid; part of the protein-synthesizing operation of the cell
✔✔Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid.
Then explain the use of each.
Cholesterol - ✔✔Lipid; component of animal cell membranes that, when in excess, can
form plaque on artery walls
✔✔Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid.
Then explain the use of each.
ATP - ✔✔Nucleic Acid; releases energy through the breaking of high-energy phosphate
bond
✔✔Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid.
Then explain the use of each.
Glycogen - ✔✔Carbohydrate; the form in which animals and humans store glucose
