, Advanced Pathophysiology II Final
Functions of the Skeletal System
1. Support
2. ___________
3. ___________ (skull, rib cage, pelvic girdle)
4. ______________
5. Store excess minerals (____, ____, ___, ___)
locomotion, protection, hematopoiesis, Ca, P, Fe, Mg
Long Bone Structure:
- ____________: Shaft of bone; "between growth"
- ____________: Ends of bone
- ___________: Contains mainly yellow marrow
diaphysis, epiphyses, medullary canal
Diaphysis
1. Composed of __________/_________ __________
2. Contains ___________ __________ (____________)
dense/compact bone, medullary canal, hollow
Epiphyses
1. ________ of _________
2. Contains ________ __________ in some bones
ends, bone, red marrow
Medullary Canal
- Contains mainly _________ ___________
yellow marrow
,Diaphysis of bone is covered by the ___________, and the epiphyses are covered by
___________ _____________, because the epiphyses tend to be ____________ surfaces.
periosteum, articular cartilage, articulating
Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the
immature skeleton
epiphyseal plate
Epiphyseal plate is present in children only (T/F)
T
Epiphyseal Plate
- Present in children only
- After _________ is complete, plate is _________ and ___________ _________ is seen
adolescence, gone, epiphyseal line
Bone is made of these two materials
matrix minerals, matrix proteins
Responsible for bone hardness
matrix minerals
What composes majority (2/3) of matrix minerals?
calcium phosphate
Bone: Matrix Minerals
- Two thirds of bone matrix is _________ ___________ (Ca3[PO2]2)
-- Reacts with ___________ __________ (______) to form __________ of
__________________, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2
- This gives bone its ___________
calcium phosphate, calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2, crystals, hydroxyapatite, hardness
What material/protein gives bone its flexibility?
collagen
What portion of bone matrix is collagen?
, 1/3
Osteoporosis is caused by a deficiency in ___________, which decreases _______
_____________.
calcium, bone hardness
Need adequate _________ and ____________ for proper calcification (__________) of bone
calcium, phosphate, hardening
Bone: Matrix Proteins
- One third of bone matrix is ________ __________ (__________)
- Gives bone its ___________ (prevent it from __________)
- Decreased protein = __________ bones
protein fibers, collagen, flexibility, snapping, brittle
_____% of the body's __________ and _____________ is stored in bone, and together these
compose > 50% of bone. Other inorganic components in bone include, K, Na, Mg, &
carbonate.
99, calcium, phosphate
Inorganic components (including calcium and phosphate) make up about 2/3 of bone. The
rest of bone is ___________ compounds (mostly ___________).
organic, collagen
Hypocalcemia level
< 8.5 mg/dL
Hypercalcemia level
> 11 mg/dL
Hypocalcemia (< 8.5 mg/dL) causes the ___________ ___________ to secrete
______________ _____________
parathyroid glands, parathyroid hormone
Hypercalcemia (> 11 mg/dL) causes the _________ __________ to secrete ______________
thyroid gland, calcitonin
Functions of the Skeletal System
1. Support
2. ___________
3. ___________ (skull, rib cage, pelvic girdle)
4. ______________
5. Store excess minerals (____, ____, ___, ___)
locomotion, protection, hematopoiesis, Ca, P, Fe, Mg
Long Bone Structure:
- ____________: Shaft of bone; "between growth"
- ____________: Ends of bone
- ___________: Contains mainly yellow marrow
diaphysis, epiphyses, medullary canal
Diaphysis
1. Composed of __________/_________ __________
2. Contains ___________ __________ (____________)
dense/compact bone, medullary canal, hollow
Epiphyses
1. ________ of _________
2. Contains ________ __________ in some bones
ends, bone, red marrow
Medullary Canal
- Contains mainly _________ ___________
yellow marrow
,Diaphysis of bone is covered by the ___________, and the epiphyses are covered by
___________ _____________, because the epiphyses tend to be ____________ surfaces.
periosteum, articular cartilage, articulating
Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the
immature skeleton
epiphyseal plate
Epiphyseal plate is present in children only (T/F)
T
Epiphyseal Plate
- Present in children only
- After _________ is complete, plate is _________ and ___________ _________ is seen
adolescence, gone, epiphyseal line
Bone is made of these two materials
matrix minerals, matrix proteins
Responsible for bone hardness
matrix minerals
What composes majority (2/3) of matrix minerals?
calcium phosphate
Bone: Matrix Minerals
- Two thirds of bone matrix is _________ ___________ (Ca3[PO2]2)
-- Reacts with ___________ __________ (______) to form __________ of
__________________, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2
- This gives bone its ___________
calcium phosphate, calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2, crystals, hydroxyapatite, hardness
What material/protein gives bone its flexibility?
collagen
What portion of bone matrix is collagen?
, 1/3
Osteoporosis is caused by a deficiency in ___________, which decreases _______
_____________.
calcium, bone hardness
Need adequate _________ and ____________ for proper calcification (__________) of bone
calcium, phosphate, hardening
Bone: Matrix Proteins
- One third of bone matrix is ________ __________ (__________)
- Gives bone its ___________ (prevent it from __________)
- Decreased protein = __________ bones
protein fibers, collagen, flexibility, snapping, brittle
_____% of the body's __________ and _____________ is stored in bone, and together these
compose > 50% of bone. Other inorganic components in bone include, K, Na, Mg, &
carbonate.
99, calcium, phosphate
Inorganic components (including calcium and phosphate) make up about 2/3 of bone. The
rest of bone is ___________ compounds (mostly ___________).
organic, collagen
Hypocalcemia level
< 8.5 mg/dL
Hypercalcemia level
> 11 mg/dL
Hypocalcemia (< 8.5 mg/dL) causes the ___________ ___________ to secrete
______________ _____________
parathyroid glands, parathyroid hormone
Hypercalcemia (> 11 mg/dL) causes the _________ __________ to secrete ______________
thyroid gland, calcitonin
