PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT FINAL EXAM SCRIPT
2026 FULL EVALUATION VERIFIED A+
◉ what is lower back pain related to. Answer: rectal issue
◉ what is shoulder and mid back pain related to. Answer:
gallbladder issue
◉ visceral pain. Answer: hollow abdominal organs like intestines
become distended or solid organs like liver and spleen are stretched
◉ parietal pain. Answer: peritoneum becoming inflamed like
appendicitis or peritonitis (could be deadly)
◉ referred pain. Answer: occurs at distant sites innervated at same
level
◉ what does a urinalysis do. Answer: looks at what urine says abt
numerous things - pH, protein, glucose, ketones, hemoglobin, etc
◉ position for abdominal ssessment. Answer: 15 degrees HOB or
less
,◉ geriatric variation for abdomen. Answer: constipation, GERD, dec
saliva, dec peristalsis, dec enzymes
◉ cholecystitis/cholelithiasis. Answer: gallbladder - RUQ pain,
radiate to shoulder or neck (pain management and moitoring)
◉ cirrhosis. Answer: late stage liver condition - fatigue, juandice,
ascites (fluid and electrolyte, safety precations)
◉ diverticulitis/osis. Answer: pouching/inflamation of intestinal
mucosae - cramping in LLQ, rectal bleeding (pain management,
hydration, no nuts/seeds)
◉ nepthrolithiasis. Answer: kidney stones - sever flank pain,
hematuria, painful urination (strain urine, pain management)
◉ acute & chronic pancreatitis. Answer: inflammation of pancreas =
abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting (vital signs, NPO)
◉ Bartholin's glad abscess. Answer: fluid-filled pocket w/ overlying
red and shiny sin that is paiful and can cause labia to swell
◉ nursing process. Answer: Assessment - physical assessment -
inspecting, palpating, auscultating, preceded by interview
,Analysis - interpret and analyze collected data
Planning - develop plan of care based on assessment and analysis
Implementation - execute the plan of care, do interventions
Evaluation - assess the effectiveness of interventions and goals
◉ clinical judgement model. Answer: Recognize cues - recognizing
cues in assessment
Analyze cues - ineterpret and analyze collected data
Prioritize hypotheses - recognize client's issue or needs and
prioritize them
Generate solutions - create steps and goals for clients care
Take action - implement interventions based on analysis
Evaluate outcomes - look at goals and evaluate if client is meeting
them
◉ nonmaleficience. Answer: ethical principle - do no harm
◉ beneficience. Answer: ethical principle - to act to promote the
good of the client
◉ ethical principles. Answer: nonmaleficience, beneficience,
autonomy, justice, confidentiality
, ◉ what parts of hand to use for palpating. Answer: Fingerpads - fine
discrimination and pulses
Palmar & ulnar - vibrations, sensations, thrill
Dorsal - temperature
◉ PLEASE acronym. Answer: used for health interview
P - past medical history to include previous illnesses, and state of
health
L - last oral intake of liquids and food
E - events leading to illness/injury
A - allergies & types of reactions
S - symptoms or chief complaint
E - each prescribed medicine, OTC meds, herbal supplements
◉ direct v nondirect interview. Answer: § What are direct and non-
direct interviewing techniques?
Direct: very structured, you lead the interview, nurse gains details,
closed-ended questions
Non-Direct: the client controls pace and information seeking route,
open-ended questions
◉ OLD CARTS acronym. Answer: used to collect current helath info
O - onset
2026 FULL EVALUATION VERIFIED A+
◉ what is lower back pain related to. Answer: rectal issue
◉ what is shoulder and mid back pain related to. Answer:
gallbladder issue
◉ visceral pain. Answer: hollow abdominal organs like intestines
become distended or solid organs like liver and spleen are stretched
◉ parietal pain. Answer: peritoneum becoming inflamed like
appendicitis or peritonitis (could be deadly)
◉ referred pain. Answer: occurs at distant sites innervated at same
level
◉ what does a urinalysis do. Answer: looks at what urine says abt
numerous things - pH, protein, glucose, ketones, hemoglobin, etc
◉ position for abdominal ssessment. Answer: 15 degrees HOB or
less
,◉ geriatric variation for abdomen. Answer: constipation, GERD, dec
saliva, dec peristalsis, dec enzymes
◉ cholecystitis/cholelithiasis. Answer: gallbladder - RUQ pain,
radiate to shoulder or neck (pain management and moitoring)
◉ cirrhosis. Answer: late stage liver condition - fatigue, juandice,
ascites (fluid and electrolyte, safety precations)
◉ diverticulitis/osis. Answer: pouching/inflamation of intestinal
mucosae - cramping in LLQ, rectal bleeding (pain management,
hydration, no nuts/seeds)
◉ nepthrolithiasis. Answer: kidney stones - sever flank pain,
hematuria, painful urination (strain urine, pain management)
◉ acute & chronic pancreatitis. Answer: inflammation of pancreas =
abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting (vital signs, NPO)
◉ Bartholin's glad abscess. Answer: fluid-filled pocket w/ overlying
red and shiny sin that is paiful and can cause labia to swell
◉ nursing process. Answer: Assessment - physical assessment -
inspecting, palpating, auscultating, preceded by interview
,Analysis - interpret and analyze collected data
Planning - develop plan of care based on assessment and analysis
Implementation - execute the plan of care, do interventions
Evaluation - assess the effectiveness of interventions and goals
◉ clinical judgement model. Answer: Recognize cues - recognizing
cues in assessment
Analyze cues - ineterpret and analyze collected data
Prioritize hypotheses - recognize client's issue or needs and
prioritize them
Generate solutions - create steps and goals for clients care
Take action - implement interventions based on analysis
Evaluate outcomes - look at goals and evaluate if client is meeting
them
◉ nonmaleficience. Answer: ethical principle - do no harm
◉ beneficience. Answer: ethical principle - to act to promote the
good of the client
◉ ethical principles. Answer: nonmaleficience, beneficience,
autonomy, justice, confidentiality
, ◉ what parts of hand to use for palpating. Answer: Fingerpads - fine
discrimination and pulses
Palmar & ulnar - vibrations, sensations, thrill
Dorsal - temperature
◉ PLEASE acronym. Answer: used for health interview
P - past medical history to include previous illnesses, and state of
health
L - last oral intake of liquids and food
E - events leading to illness/injury
A - allergies & types of reactions
S - symptoms or chief complaint
E - each prescribed medicine, OTC meds, herbal supplements
◉ direct v nondirect interview. Answer: § What are direct and non-
direct interviewing techniques?
Direct: very structured, you lead the interview, nurse gains details,
closed-ended questions
Non-Direct: the client controls pace and information seeking route,
open-ended questions
◉ OLD CARTS acronym. Answer: used to collect current helath info
O - onset
