Medical-
Surgical Nursing in Canada 5th Edition Lewi Test Bank
NURSINGTB.COM
, Medical-
Chapter 01: Introduction
xx to Medical-
Surgical Nursing in Canada 5th Edition Lewi Test Bank
xx xx xx
Surgical Nursing Practice in Canada Lewis: Medical-
xx xx xx xx xx xx
Surgical Nursing in Canada, 5th Canadian Edition
xx xx xx xx xx xx
MULTIPLE CHOICE xx
1. When caring for clients using evidence-
xx xx xx xx xx
informed practice, which of the following does the nurse use?
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
a. Clinical judgement based on experience xx xx xx xx
b. Evidence from a clinical research study xx xx xx xx xx
c. The best available evidence to guide clinical expertise
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
d. Evaluation of data showing that the client outcomes are met xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ANS: C x x
Evidence-
informed nursing practice is a continuous interactive process involving the explicit, conscie
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ntious, and judicious consideration of the best available evidence to provide care. Four prima
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ry elements are: (a) clinical state, setting, and circumstances; (b) client preferences and acti
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ons; (c) best research evidence; and (d) health care resources. Clinical judgement based on t
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
he nurse‘s clinical experience is part of EIP, but clinical decision making also should incor
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
porate current research and research-
xx xx xx xx
based guidelines. Evidence from one clinical research study does not provide an adequate s
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ubstantiation for interventions. Evaluation of client outcomes is important, but interventions
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
should be based on research from randomized control studies with a large number of subj
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ects.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension xx xx TOP: x x Nursing Process: Planning xx xx
2. Which of the following best e xpl a ins the nu r s e s ‘ primary use of the nursing process whe
N R I G B . C M
xx xx xx xx xx x xx x xx xx x x xx x x x xx xx xx xx xx xx
n providing care to clients? U S N T
xx
O xx xx xx
xx xx xx
a. To explain nursing interventions to other health care professionals
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
b. As a problem-solving tool to identify and treat clients‘ health care needs
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
c. As a scientific-based process of diagnosing the client‘s health care problems
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
d. To establish nursing theory that incorporates the biopsychosocial nature of humans
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ANS: B x x
The nursing process is an assertive problem-
xx xx xx xx xx xx
solving approach to the identification and treatment of clients‘ problems. Diagnosis is only
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
one phase of the nursing process. The primary use of the nursing process is in client care, n
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ot to establish nursing theory or explain nursing interventions to other health care professio
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
nals.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension xx xx TOP: x x Nursing Process: Implementation xx xx
3. The nurse is caring for a critically ill client in the intensive care unit and plans an every 2-
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
hour turning schedule to prevent skin breakdown. Which type of nursing function is demon
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
strated with this turning schedule?xx xx xx xx
a. Dependent
b. Cooperative
c. Independent
d. Collaborative
ANS: D x x
NURSINGTB.COM
, Medical-
Surgical Nursing in Canada 5th Edition Lewi Test Bank
When implementing collaborative nursing actions, the nurse is responsible primarily for mo
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
nitoring for complications of acute illness or providing care to prevent or treat complicatio
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ns. Independent nursing actions are focused on health promotion, illness prevention, and cli
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ent advocacy. A dependent action would require a physician order to implement. Cooperati
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ve nursing functions are not described as one of the formal nursing functions.
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application xx xx TOP: x x Nursing Process: Implementation xx xx
4. The nurse is caring for a client who has been admitted to the hospital for surgery and tells t
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
he nurse, ―I do not feel right about leaving my children with my neighbour.‖ Which acti
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
on should the nurse take next?
xx xx xx xx xx
a. Reassure the client that these feelings are common for parents.xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
b. Have the client call the children to ensure that they are doing well.
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
c. Call the neighbour to determine whether adequate childcare is being provided.
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
d. Gather more data about the client‘s feelings about the childcare arrangements.
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ANS: D x x
Since a complete assessment is necessary in order to identify a problem and choose an app
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ropriate intervention, the nurse‘s first action should be to obtain more information. The oth
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
er actions may be appropriate, but more assessment is needed before the best intervention ca
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
n be chosen.
xx xx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application xx xx TOP: x x Nursing Process: Assessment xx xx
5. The nurse is caring for a client who has left-
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
sided paralysis as the result of a stroke and assesses a pressure injury on the clie nt‘s
N R I is theGmost
B.appropriate
C M nursing diagnosis f Uo r t Sh is c
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
left h ip . W hich of the following
xx xx x xx xx x xx xx xx
x x x x
xx
x x
xx xx
x x x
xx
x x x
xx xx xx xx xx x x xx
Nli enTt? xx xx xx xx O
a. Impaired physical mobility related to decrease in muscle control (left-sided
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
paralysis)
b. Risk for impaired tissue integrity as evidenced by insufficient knowledge abo
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ut protecting tissue integrity
xx xx xx
c. Impaired skin integrity related to pressure over bony prominence (impaire
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
d circulation) xx
d. Ineffective tissue perfusion related to sedentary lifestyle xx xx xx xx xx xx
ANS: C x x
The client‘s major problem is the impaired skin integrity as demonstrated by the presence of
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
a pressure injury. The nurse is able to treat the cause of altered circulation and pressure by
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx x
frequently repositioning the client. Although left-
x xx xx xx xx xx
sided weakness is a problem for the client, the nurse cannot treat the weakness. The ―risk f
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
or‖ diagnosis is not appropriate for this client, who already has impaired tissue integrity. The
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
client does have ineffective tissue perfusion, but the impaired skin integrity diagnosis indi
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
cates more clearly what the health problem is.
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application xx xx TOP: x x Nursing Process: Diagnosis xx xx
6. The nurse caring for a client with an infection has a nursing diagnosis of deficient fl
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
uid volume related to excessive diaphoresis. Which of the following is an appropriate
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx x
client outcome?
x xx
a. Client has a balanced intake and output. xx xx xx xx xx xx
b. Client‘s bedding is changed when it becomes damp. xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
NURSINGTB.COM
, Medical-
Surgical Nursing in Canada 5th Edition Lewi Test Bank
c. Client understands the need for increased fluid intake.
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
d. Client‘s skin remains cool and dry throughout hospitalization.
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ANS: A x x
This statement gives measurable data showing resolution of the problem of deficient fluid
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
volume that was identified in the nursing diagnosis statement. The other statements would no
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
t indicate that the problem of deficient fluid volume was resolved.
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application xx xx TOP: x x Nursing Process: Planning xx xx
7. Which of the following represents a nursing activity that is carried out during the evaluati
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
on phase of the nursing process?
xx xx xx xx xx
a. Determining if interventions have been effective in meeting client outcomes
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
b. Documenting the nursing care plan in the progress notes in the medical record
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
c. Deciding whether the client‘s health problems have been completely resolved
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
d. Asking the client to evaluate whether the nursing care provided was satisfactory
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ANS: A x x
Evaluation consists of determining whether the desired client outcomes have been met and
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
whether the nursing interventions were appropriate. The other responses do not describe the
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
evaluation phase. xx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension xx xx TOP: x x Nursing Process: Evaluation xx xx
8. Which of the following would the nurse perform during the assessment phase of the nursi
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ng process?
xx
a. Obtains data with which to diagnose client problems
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
b. Uses client data to develoNp p R
xx ri o riIt y nGursB
in.
gCdiagMnoses
xx xx xx xx x xx xx
xx xx xx
c. Teaches interventions to relieve client health problems
xx xx xx xx xx xx
d. Assists the client to identify realistic outcomes to health problems
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ANS: A x x
During the assessment phase, the nurse gathers information about the client. The other resp
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
onses are examples of the intervention, diagnosis, and planning phases of the nursing process
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge xx xx TOP: x x Nursing Process: Assessment xx xx
9. Which of the following is an example of a correctly written nursing diagnosis statement?
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
a. Altered tissue perfusion related to heart failure
xx xx xx xx xx xx
b. Risk for impaired tissue integrity related to sacral redness
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
c. Ineffective coping related to insufficient sense of control. xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
d. Altered urinary elimination related to urinary tract infection
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ANS: C x x
This diagnosis statement includes a NANDA nursing diagnosis and an etiology that describ
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
es a client‘s response to a health problem that can be treated by nursing. The use of a me
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
dical diagnosis (as in the responses beginning ―Altered tissue perfusion‖ and ―Altered uri
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
nary elimination‖) is not appropriate. The response beginning ―Risk for impaired tissue in
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
tegrity‖ uses the defining characteristics as the etiology.
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension xx xx TOP: x x Nursing Process: Diagnosis xx xx
NURSINGTB.COM
Surgical Nursing in Canada 5th Edition Lewi Test Bank
NURSINGTB.COM
, Medical-
Chapter 01: Introduction
xx to Medical-
Surgical Nursing in Canada 5th Edition Lewi Test Bank
xx xx xx
Surgical Nursing Practice in Canada Lewis: Medical-
xx xx xx xx xx xx
Surgical Nursing in Canada, 5th Canadian Edition
xx xx xx xx xx xx
MULTIPLE CHOICE xx
1. When caring for clients using evidence-
xx xx xx xx xx
informed practice, which of the following does the nurse use?
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
a. Clinical judgement based on experience xx xx xx xx
b. Evidence from a clinical research study xx xx xx xx xx
c. The best available evidence to guide clinical expertise
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
d. Evaluation of data showing that the client outcomes are met xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ANS: C x x
Evidence-
informed nursing practice is a continuous interactive process involving the explicit, conscie
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ntious, and judicious consideration of the best available evidence to provide care. Four prima
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ry elements are: (a) clinical state, setting, and circumstances; (b) client preferences and acti
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ons; (c) best research evidence; and (d) health care resources. Clinical judgement based on t
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
he nurse‘s clinical experience is part of EIP, but clinical decision making also should incor
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
porate current research and research-
xx xx xx xx
based guidelines. Evidence from one clinical research study does not provide an adequate s
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ubstantiation for interventions. Evaluation of client outcomes is important, but interventions
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
should be based on research from randomized control studies with a large number of subj
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ects.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension xx xx TOP: x x Nursing Process: Planning xx xx
2. Which of the following best e xpl a ins the nu r s e s ‘ primary use of the nursing process whe
N R I G B . C M
xx xx xx xx xx x xx x xx xx x x xx x x x xx xx xx xx xx xx
n providing care to clients? U S N T
xx
O xx xx xx
xx xx xx
a. To explain nursing interventions to other health care professionals
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
b. As a problem-solving tool to identify and treat clients‘ health care needs
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
c. As a scientific-based process of diagnosing the client‘s health care problems
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
d. To establish nursing theory that incorporates the biopsychosocial nature of humans
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ANS: B x x
The nursing process is an assertive problem-
xx xx xx xx xx xx
solving approach to the identification and treatment of clients‘ problems. Diagnosis is only
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
one phase of the nursing process. The primary use of the nursing process is in client care, n
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ot to establish nursing theory or explain nursing interventions to other health care professio
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
nals.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension xx xx TOP: x x Nursing Process: Implementation xx xx
3. The nurse is caring for a critically ill client in the intensive care unit and plans an every 2-
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
hour turning schedule to prevent skin breakdown. Which type of nursing function is demon
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
strated with this turning schedule?xx xx xx xx
a. Dependent
b. Cooperative
c. Independent
d. Collaborative
ANS: D x x
NURSINGTB.COM
, Medical-
Surgical Nursing in Canada 5th Edition Lewi Test Bank
When implementing collaborative nursing actions, the nurse is responsible primarily for mo
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
nitoring for complications of acute illness or providing care to prevent or treat complicatio
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ns. Independent nursing actions are focused on health promotion, illness prevention, and cli
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ent advocacy. A dependent action would require a physician order to implement. Cooperati
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ve nursing functions are not described as one of the formal nursing functions.
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application xx xx TOP: x x Nursing Process: Implementation xx xx
4. The nurse is caring for a client who has been admitted to the hospital for surgery and tells t
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
he nurse, ―I do not feel right about leaving my children with my neighbour.‖ Which acti
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
on should the nurse take next?
xx xx xx xx xx
a. Reassure the client that these feelings are common for parents.xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
b. Have the client call the children to ensure that they are doing well.
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
c. Call the neighbour to determine whether adequate childcare is being provided.
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
d. Gather more data about the client‘s feelings about the childcare arrangements.
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ANS: D x x
Since a complete assessment is necessary in order to identify a problem and choose an app
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ropriate intervention, the nurse‘s first action should be to obtain more information. The oth
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
er actions may be appropriate, but more assessment is needed before the best intervention ca
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
n be chosen.
xx xx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application xx xx TOP: x x Nursing Process: Assessment xx xx
5. The nurse is caring for a client who has left-
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
sided paralysis as the result of a stroke and assesses a pressure injury on the clie nt‘s
N R I is theGmost
B.appropriate
C M nursing diagnosis f Uo r t Sh is c
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
left h ip . W hich of the following
xx xx x xx xx x xx xx xx
x x x x
xx
x x
xx xx
x x x
xx
x x x
xx xx xx xx xx x x xx
Nli enTt? xx xx xx xx O
a. Impaired physical mobility related to decrease in muscle control (left-sided
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
paralysis)
b. Risk for impaired tissue integrity as evidenced by insufficient knowledge abo
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ut protecting tissue integrity
xx xx xx
c. Impaired skin integrity related to pressure over bony prominence (impaire
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
d circulation) xx
d. Ineffective tissue perfusion related to sedentary lifestyle xx xx xx xx xx xx
ANS: C x x
The client‘s major problem is the impaired skin integrity as demonstrated by the presence of
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
a pressure injury. The nurse is able to treat the cause of altered circulation and pressure by
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx x
frequently repositioning the client. Although left-
x xx xx xx xx xx
sided weakness is a problem for the client, the nurse cannot treat the weakness. The ―risk f
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
or‖ diagnosis is not appropriate for this client, who already has impaired tissue integrity. The
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
client does have ineffective tissue perfusion, but the impaired skin integrity diagnosis indi
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
cates more clearly what the health problem is.
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application xx xx TOP: x x Nursing Process: Diagnosis xx xx
6. The nurse caring for a client with an infection has a nursing diagnosis of deficient fl
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
uid volume related to excessive diaphoresis. Which of the following is an appropriate
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx x
client outcome?
x xx
a. Client has a balanced intake and output. xx xx xx xx xx xx
b. Client‘s bedding is changed when it becomes damp. xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
NURSINGTB.COM
, Medical-
Surgical Nursing in Canada 5th Edition Lewi Test Bank
c. Client understands the need for increased fluid intake.
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
d. Client‘s skin remains cool and dry throughout hospitalization.
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ANS: A x x
This statement gives measurable data showing resolution of the problem of deficient fluid
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
volume that was identified in the nursing diagnosis statement. The other statements would no
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
t indicate that the problem of deficient fluid volume was resolved.
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application xx xx TOP: x x Nursing Process: Planning xx xx
7. Which of the following represents a nursing activity that is carried out during the evaluati
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
on phase of the nursing process?
xx xx xx xx xx
a. Determining if interventions have been effective in meeting client outcomes
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
b. Documenting the nursing care plan in the progress notes in the medical record
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
c. Deciding whether the client‘s health problems have been completely resolved
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
d. Asking the client to evaluate whether the nursing care provided was satisfactory
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ANS: A x x
Evaluation consists of determining whether the desired client outcomes have been met and
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
whether the nursing interventions were appropriate. The other responses do not describe the
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
evaluation phase. xx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension xx xx TOP: x x Nursing Process: Evaluation xx xx
8. Which of the following would the nurse perform during the assessment phase of the nursi
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ng process?
xx
a. Obtains data with which to diagnose client problems
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
b. Uses client data to develoNp p R
xx ri o riIt y nGursB
in.
gCdiagMnoses
xx xx xx xx x xx xx
xx xx xx
c. Teaches interventions to relieve client health problems
xx xx xx xx xx xx
d. Assists the client to identify realistic outcomes to health problems
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ANS: A x x
During the assessment phase, the nurse gathers information about the client. The other resp
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
onses are examples of the intervention, diagnosis, and planning phases of the nursing process
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge xx xx TOP: x x Nursing Process: Assessment xx xx
9. Which of the following is an example of a correctly written nursing diagnosis statement?
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
a. Altered tissue perfusion related to heart failure
xx xx xx xx xx xx
b. Risk for impaired tissue integrity related to sacral redness
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
c. Ineffective coping related to insufficient sense of control. xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
d. Altered urinary elimination related to urinary tract infection
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ANS: C x x
This diagnosis statement includes a NANDA nursing diagnosis and an etiology that describ
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
es a client‘s response to a health problem that can be treated by nursing. The use of a me
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
dical diagnosis (as in the responses beginning ―Altered tissue perfusion‖ and ―Altered uri
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
nary elimination‖) is not appropriate. The response beginning ―Risk for impaired tissue in
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
tegrity‖ uses the defining characteristics as the etiology.
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension xx xx TOP: x x Nursing Process: Diagnosis xx xx
NURSINGTB.COM
