Foundations of Mental Health Care (Eighth Edition) by
Michelle Morrison-Valfre
Chapter 01: The History of Mental Health Care
1. During the 1930s, what common treatment for schizophrenia caused clients to fall into a coma
that could last as long as 50 hours?
a. Electroconvulsive therapy
b. Insulin therapy
c. Humoral therapy
d. Amphetamine therapy
ANS: B
Insulin therapy was believed to successfully treat schizophrenia in the early 1900s. Amphetamines
were used to treat depression, and electroconvulsive therapy was used for severe depression.
Humoral therapy, which originated in ancient Greece and Rome, was a belief that mental illness
resulted from an imbalance of the humors of air, fire, water, and earth.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5
TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
2. In the 1930s, what mental health disorder was electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) most often used
to treat?
a. Schizophrenia
b. Bipolar disorder
c. Severe depression
d. Violent behavior
ANS: C
ECT was found to be an effective treatment for severe depression in the 1930s. During this period,
schizophrenia was treated with insulin therapy, and violent behavior was treated with a lobotomy. In
1949, lithium carbonate was discovered as a treatment for bipolar disorder.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5
TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
3. In the early 20th century, a frontal lobotomy was a common treatment for violent behaviors.
Which description of this procedure is accurate?
a. A procedure that delivers an electrical stimulus to the frontal lobes of the brain.
b. A surgical procedure that drills holes in the front of the skull to drain fluid.
c. A surgical procedure that severs the frontal lobes of the brain from the thalamus.
d. A surgical procedure that inserts implants into the frontal lobes of the brain.
ANS: C
A frontal lobotomy is a surgical procedure in which the frontal lobes of the brain are severed from the
thalamus.
, DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5
TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
4. The introduction of in the 1950s led to the deinstitutionalization of many mentally
ill individuals.
a. psychotherapeutic drugs
b. community mental health clinics
c. residential treatment centers
d. state mental health facilities
ANS: A
Psychotherapeutic drugs allowed for better control of behaviors than did other therapies alone during
the 1950s. Patients were being released from state mental health facilities as a result of
psychotherapeutic drug therapy. Community mental health clinics and residential treatment centers
resulted from the deinstitutionalization of patients.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 6
TOP: Introduction of Psychotherapeutic Drugs
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
5. In 1949, an Australian physician discovered which therapy to be an effective treatment for
bipolar (manic-depressive) illness?
a. Insulin therapy
b. Water/ice therapy
c. Lithium carbonate therapy
d. Electroconvulsive therapy
ANS: C
To this day, lithium is a treatment that is used to effectively balance the manic states and depressive
states of bipolar disorder. None of the other therapies listed are effective for bipolar disorder.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 6
TOP: Introduction of Psychotherapeutic Drugs
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
6. In the early 1960s, a committee appointed by President John F. Kennedy recommended the
development of a new approach to the way mental health care was administered, with an emphasis
on the introduction of:
a. psychotherapeutic drugs.
b. state mental health care systems.
c. community mental health centers.
d. deinstitutionalization of patients.
ANS: C
The emergence of community mental health centers was necessary, in part because of the massive
deinstitutionalization of patients from state mental health care facilities after the introduction of
psychotherapeutic drugs in the 1950s.
Michelle Morrison-Valfre
Chapter 01: The History of Mental Health Care
1. During the 1930s, what common treatment for schizophrenia caused clients to fall into a coma
that could last as long as 50 hours?
a. Electroconvulsive therapy
b. Insulin therapy
c. Humoral therapy
d. Amphetamine therapy
ANS: B
Insulin therapy was believed to successfully treat schizophrenia in the early 1900s. Amphetamines
were used to treat depression, and electroconvulsive therapy was used for severe depression.
Humoral therapy, which originated in ancient Greece and Rome, was a belief that mental illness
resulted from an imbalance of the humors of air, fire, water, and earth.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5
TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
2. In the 1930s, what mental health disorder was electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) most often used
to treat?
a. Schizophrenia
b. Bipolar disorder
c. Severe depression
d. Violent behavior
ANS: C
ECT was found to be an effective treatment for severe depression in the 1930s. During this period,
schizophrenia was treated with insulin therapy, and violent behavior was treated with a lobotomy. In
1949, lithium carbonate was discovered as a treatment for bipolar disorder.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5
TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
3. In the early 20th century, a frontal lobotomy was a common treatment for violent behaviors.
Which description of this procedure is accurate?
a. A procedure that delivers an electrical stimulus to the frontal lobes of the brain.
b. A surgical procedure that drills holes in the front of the skull to drain fluid.
c. A surgical procedure that severs the frontal lobes of the brain from the thalamus.
d. A surgical procedure that inserts implants into the frontal lobes of the brain.
ANS: C
A frontal lobotomy is a surgical procedure in which the frontal lobes of the brain are severed from the
thalamus.
, DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5
TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
4. The introduction of in the 1950s led to the deinstitutionalization of many mentally
ill individuals.
a. psychotherapeutic drugs
b. community mental health clinics
c. residential treatment centers
d. state mental health facilities
ANS: A
Psychotherapeutic drugs allowed for better control of behaviors than did other therapies alone during
the 1950s. Patients were being released from state mental health facilities as a result of
psychotherapeutic drug therapy. Community mental health clinics and residential treatment centers
resulted from the deinstitutionalization of patients.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 6
TOP: Introduction of Psychotherapeutic Drugs
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
5. In 1949, an Australian physician discovered which therapy to be an effective treatment for
bipolar (manic-depressive) illness?
a. Insulin therapy
b. Water/ice therapy
c. Lithium carbonate therapy
d. Electroconvulsive therapy
ANS: C
To this day, lithium is a treatment that is used to effectively balance the manic states and depressive
states of bipolar disorder. None of the other therapies listed are effective for bipolar disorder.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 6
TOP: Introduction of Psychotherapeutic Drugs
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
6. In the early 1960s, a committee appointed by President John F. Kennedy recommended the
development of a new approach to the way mental health care was administered, with an emphasis
on the introduction of:
a. psychotherapeutic drugs.
b. state mental health care systems.
c. community mental health centers.
d. deinstitutionalization of patients.
ANS: C
The emergence of community mental health centers was necessary, in part because of the massive
deinstitutionalization of patients from state mental health care facilities after the introduction of
psychotherapeutic drugs in the 1950s.
