NURS 401
NURS 401 Final Exam Study Questions
and Answers 2026
define the term indigenous people
acknowledges the inherent rights and political views of the diverse groups of
original peoples with historical and cultural ties to Canada.
Define the term Aboriginal.
Is a broad term that does not account for the various original peoples (First
Nations people, Métis, and Inuit) in the country.
does not fully recognize the diversity of indigenous peoples
Describe the Inuit population
- Most reside in arctic and subarctic regions of northern Canada
- Majority (over 80%) live in 53 communities, and most of these are accessible by
air only
Describe the Metis population
A person who self-identifies as Métis is of a historic Métis Nation Ancestry, is
distinct from other Aboriginal Peoples, and is accepted by the Métis Nation
Aboriginal people of mixed blood (e.g., parents of both Aboriginal and European
ancestry).
Have their own dialect (Michif language) but are diverse linguistically, depending
on the combination of ancestry (e.g., Cree, Dene, Ojibway, English, and French).
what is the fastest growing population in canada
the indigenous population
describe the indigenous culture and way of living pre-colonization
NURS 401
,NURS 401
self-determining, self-governing vibrant communities
holistic perspective on health and wellness reflective of the interconnectedness of
the mental, physical, emotional and spiritual facets of life.
effective systems of hygiene, nutrition, medicine, and healing practices that insured
survival, health and wellness.
found innovative ideas on education, hunting, fishing and gathering foods
alongside sophisticated and complex social and cultural governance strategies
Diseases were absent prior to European contact, and dental caries accounted for
less than 1% of all teeth
lived in harmony and balance with the environment.
Define colonialism
acquiring or maintaining colonies; it involves a wealthier power controlling and
exploiting another society.
Settlement of colonies and the imposition of one powers culture on another
List and describe the 3 waves of colonialism that occurred in Canada
legal wave
- legislation that suppressed rights of indigenous persons
administrative wave
- reserve system that isolated Indigenous peoples and allowed Europeans to
claim the land
ideological wave
- residential school system and foster parent systems were intended to assimilate
and isolate Indigenous peoples. taking away the indigenous culture/values/beliefs
define treaty
NURS 401
,NURS 401
an agreement between indigenous peoples and government in which indigenous
peoples ceded their rights to land in exchange for reserves, small cash payments,
land-use rates, and other considerations.
the first treaty established among indigenous nations established peace and
reminded people to live in piece while sharing the resources and land equally, this
changed during colonization.
how were treaties used by the european settlers to exert power?
a number of treaty obligations, included those that impacted community health,
we're not fulfilled by the government.
with dislocation and disease brought by settlers, indigenous persons were forces
into situation in which their survival relied on signing these treaties that further
damaged the health of their communities
define decolonization
the process of undoing the impact of colonial state
Entails engaging in critical reflective thought processes that address social
issues in the wider framework of indigenous self determination, sovereignty,
and social justice within the context of indigenous history's, struggles, and
ideals.
CHNs and decolonization
engage in shared storytelling
critical questioning of policies governing healthcare delivery
responding to verbal and nonverbal expressions of resistance
building collaborative relationships
recognize indigenous people as inherent right holders rather than 'needy' victims.
NURS 401
, NURS 401
draw upon culturally safe work with indigenous people using trauma informed care
What are some steps towards decolonizing thinking
One] acknowledge that colonization has occurred and continues to occur.
Two] examine how your own perceptions may be framed by colonial thanking and
explore what evidence supports your perceptions.
Three] examine different perspectives and sources of evidence and knowledge.
Four] explore the implications and outcomes of different perceptions and ways of
thinking.
Five] commit to actions and outcomes that promote solidarity and build
allegiances.
Six] continually reflect and recommit to solidarity
Indigenous persons & nursing history
Indigenous people taught their traditional medicine and healing practices to
missionaries who befriended them
Registered nursing education remained closed to first nations, inuit, and metis
women until the late 1930s
Indigenous nursing students had to attain special permission from the government
to attend
A degree was required for outpost and northern nursing with the federal
government.
mass forms of ethnocentrism in nursing curricula
Indigneous Nurses Association of Canada had its first meeting in 1975.
NURS 401
NURS 401 Final Exam Study Questions
and Answers 2026
define the term indigenous people
acknowledges the inherent rights and political views of the diverse groups of
original peoples with historical and cultural ties to Canada.
Define the term Aboriginal.
Is a broad term that does not account for the various original peoples (First
Nations people, Métis, and Inuit) in the country.
does not fully recognize the diversity of indigenous peoples
Describe the Inuit population
- Most reside in arctic and subarctic regions of northern Canada
- Majority (over 80%) live in 53 communities, and most of these are accessible by
air only
Describe the Metis population
A person who self-identifies as Métis is of a historic Métis Nation Ancestry, is
distinct from other Aboriginal Peoples, and is accepted by the Métis Nation
Aboriginal people of mixed blood (e.g., parents of both Aboriginal and European
ancestry).
Have their own dialect (Michif language) but are diverse linguistically, depending
on the combination of ancestry (e.g., Cree, Dene, Ojibway, English, and French).
what is the fastest growing population in canada
the indigenous population
describe the indigenous culture and way of living pre-colonization
NURS 401
,NURS 401
self-determining, self-governing vibrant communities
holistic perspective on health and wellness reflective of the interconnectedness of
the mental, physical, emotional and spiritual facets of life.
effective systems of hygiene, nutrition, medicine, and healing practices that insured
survival, health and wellness.
found innovative ideas on education, hunting, fishing and gathering foods
alongside sophisticated and complex social and cultural governance strategies
Diseases were absent prior to European contact, and dental caries accounted for
less than 1% of all teeth
lived in harmony and balance with the environment.
Define colonialism
acquiring or maintaining colonies; it involves a wealthier power controlling and
exploiting another society.
Settlement of colonies and the imposition of one powers culture on another
List and describe the 3 waves of colonialism that occurred in Canada
legal wave
- legislation that suppressed rights of indigenous persons
administrative wave
- reserve system that isolated Indigenous peoples and allowed Europeans to
claim the land
ideological wave
- residential school system and foster parent systems were intended to assimilate
and isolate Indigenous peoples. taking away the indigenous culture/values/beliefs
define treaty
NURS 401
,NURS 401
an agreement between indigenous peoples and government in which indigenous
peoples ceded their rights to land in exchange for reserves, small cash payments,
land-use rates, and other considerations.
the first treaty established among indigenous nations established peace and
reminded people to live in piece while sharing the resources and land equally, this
changed during colonization.
how were treaties used by the european settlers to exert power?
a number of treaty obligations, included those that impacted community health,
we're not fulfilled by the government.
with dislocation and disease brought by settlers, indigenous persons were forces
into situation in which their survival relied on signing these treaties that further
damaged the health of their communities
define decolonization
the process of undoing the impact of colonial state
Entails engaging in critical reflective thought processes that address social
issues in the wider framework of indigenous self determination, sovereignty,
and social justice within the context of indigenous history's, struggles, and
ideals.
CHNs and decolonization
engage in shared storytelling
critical questioning of policies governing healthcare delivery
responding to verbal and nonverbal expressions of resistance
building collaborative relationships
recognize indigenous people as inherent right holders rather than 'needy' victims.
NURS 401
, NURS 401
draw upon culturally safe work with indigenous people using trauma informed care
What are some steps towards decolonizing thinking
One] acknowledge that colonization has occurred and continues to occur.
Two] examine how your own perceptions may be framed by colonial thanking and
explore what evidence supports your perceptions.
Three] examine different perspectives and sources of evidence and knowledge.
Four] explore the implications and outcomes of different perceptions and ways of
thinking.
Five] commit to actions and outcomes that promote solidarity and build
allegiances.
Six] continually reflect and recommit to solidarity
Indigenous persons & nursing history
Indigenous people taught their traditional medicine and healing practices to
missionaries who befriended them
Registered nursing education remained closed to first nations, inuit, and metis
women until the late 1930s
Indigenous nursing students had to attain special permission from the government
to attend
A degree was required for outpost and northern nursing with the federal
government.
mass forms of ethnocentrism in nursing curricula
Indigneous Nurses Association of Canada had its first meeting in 1975.
NURS 401
