BIOLOGY 101 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Cell - ✔✔the fundamental unit of life. the smallest structural and functional unit of an
organism. microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a
membrane.
✔✔Organelle - ✔✔a component of the cell that performs a specific function. within the
cell.
✔✔Molecule - ✔✔a group of atoms bonded together.
✔✔Atom - ✔✔the fundamental unit of matter. it is the smallest unit of an element
capable of displaying the properties of that element. made up of even smaller unites
called subatomic particles.
✔✔Scientific Method - ✔✔involving the observation of phenomena, the formulation of a
hypothesis concerning the phenomena, experimentation to demonstrate the truth of
falseness of the hypothesis, and results that validate or modify the hypothesis.
✔✔Scientific Method consists of: - ✔✔observation, question, hypothesis, experiment,
results, and conclusion.
✔✔hypothesis - ✔✔a proposed explanation for an observation. must be testable, and
the results of such tests will either support or refute it.
✔✔Theory - ✔✔It's comprehensive, has not been shown to be false, and explains a
great many observations. supported by a large and growing body of evidence.
✔✔Evolution - ✔✔common characteristics found throughout diverse species, the
descent with gradual modifications of ancestral species to modern-day ones.
✔✔Chemistry - ✔✔the scientific study of matter
✔✔Matter - ✔✔anything that occupies space and has mass (substance). can be in the
form of gas, liquid, or solid. referred as the three phases of matter.
✔✔Atoms - ✔✔all matter has this, the smallest unites that retain all of the properties of
their type of matter/element.
✔✔Molecules - ✔✔atoms are usually bonded to each other to form this.
a group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
, ✔✔Elements - ✔✔a substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by
chemical means. scientists recognize 92 occurring in nature.
✔✔Compounds - ✔✔a substance containing two or more elements in a fixed ratio.
✔✔Chemical reactions - ✔✔a process leading to chemical changes in matter, involving
the making and/or breaking of chemical bonds.
✔✔Reactants - ✔✔a starting material in a chemical reaction
✔✔Products - ✔✔an ending material in a chemical reaction.
✔✔subatomic particles - ✔✔protons, neutrons, and electrons; particles smaller then an
atom.
✔✔Neutrons - ✔✔an electrically neutral particle. does not have an electrical charge.
found in the nucleus of an atom.
✔✔Protons - ✔✔a subatomic particle with a single unit of positive electrical charge,
found in the nucleus of an atom.
✔✔Nucleus (plural; nuclei) - ✔✔an atom's central core, containing protons and
neutrons. the genetic control center of a eukaryotic cell.
✔✔Electrons - ✔✔a subatomic particle with a single unit of negative electrical charge.
one or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom.
✔✔Isotope - ✔✔a variant form of an atom. isotopes of an element have the same
number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons.
✔✔Ions - ✔✔an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electron, thus
acquiring an electrical charge.
✔✔Chemical bonds - ✔✔an attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of
outer-shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atoms. the bonded
atoms gain complete outer electron shells.
✔✔Ionic Bonds - ✔✔an attraction between two ions with opposite electrical charges. the
electrical attraction of the opposite charges holds the ions together.
✔✔Covalent Bonds - ✔✔an attraction between atoms that share one or more pairs of
outer-shell electrons
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Cell - ✔✔the fundamental unit of life. the smallest structural and functional unit of an
organism. microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a
membrane.
✔✔Organelle - ✔✔a component of the cell that performs a specific function. within the
cell.
✔✔Molecule - ✔✔a group of atoms bonded together.
✔✔Atom - ✔✔the fundamental unit of matter. it is the smallest unit of an element
capable of displaying the properties of that element. made up of even smaller unites
called subatomic particles.
✔✔Scientific Method - ✔✔involving the observation of phenomena, the formulation of a
hypothesis concerning the phenomena, experimentation to demonstrate the truth of
falseness of the hypothesis, and results that validate or modify the hypothesis.
✔✔Scientific Method consists of: - ✔✔observation, question, hypothesis, experiment,
results, and conclusion.
✔✔hypothesis - ✔✔a proposed explanation for an observation. must be testable, and
the results of such tests will either support or refute it.
✔✔Theory - ✔✔It's comprehensive, has not been shown to be false, and explains a
great many observations. supported by a large and growing body of evidence.
✔✔Evolution - ✔✔common characteristics found throughout diverse species, the
descent with gradual modifications of ancestral species to modern-day ones.
✔✔Chemistry - ✔✔the scientific study of matter
✔✔Matter - ✔✔anything that occupies space and has mass (substance). can be in the
form of gas, liquid, or solid. referred as the three phases of matter.
✔✔Atoms - ✔✔all matter has this, the smallest unites that retain all of the properties of
their type of matter/element.
✔✔Molecules - ✔✔atoms are usually bonded to each other to form this.
a group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
, ✔✔Elements - ✔✔a substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by
chemical means. scientists recognize 92 occurring in nature.
✔✔Compounds - ✔✔a substance containing two or more elements in a fixed ratio.
✔✔Chemical reactions - ✔✔a process leading to chemical changes in matter, involving
the making and/or breaking of chemical bonds.
✔✔Reactants - ✔✔a starting material in a chemical reaction
✔✔Products - ✔✔an ending material in a chemical reaction.
✔✔subatomic particles - ✔✔protons, neutrons, and electrons; particles smaller then an
atom.
✔✔Neutrons - ✔✔an electrically neutral particle. does not have an electrical charge.
found in the nucleus of an atom.
✔✔Protons - ✔✔a subatomic particle with a single unit of positive electrical charge,
found in the nucleus of an atom.
✔✔Nucleus (plural; nuclei) - ✔✔an atom's central core, containing protons and
neutrons. the genetic control center of a eukaryotic cell.
✔✔Electrons - ✔✔a subatomic particle with a single unit of negative electrical charge.
one or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom.
✔✔Isotope - ✔✔a variant form of an atom. isotopes of an element have the same
number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons.
✔✔Ions - ✔✔an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electron, thus
acquiring an electrical charge.
✔✔Chemical bonds - ✔✔an attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of
outer-shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atoms. the bonded
atoms gain complete outer electron shells.
✔✔Ionic Bonds - ✔✔an attraction between two ions with opposite electrical charges. the
electrical attraction of the opposite charges holds the ions together.
✔✔Covalent Bonds - ✔✔an attraction between atoms that share one or more pairs of
outer-shell electrons
