Clinical Psychology (EPPP) UPDATED
Study Guide QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Clinical Psychology - CORRECT ANSWERS - the study, diagnosis, and
treatment of psychological and behavioral disorders
Assumptions of Psychodynamic Therapies - CORRECT ANSWERS -
human behavior is motivated by unconscious processes
- early development has a profound effect on adult functioning
- universal principles explain personality development and behavior
- insight into unconscious processes is a key component of therapy
Freudian Psychoanalysis - CORRECT ANSWERS - human beings are
determined by irrational forces, unconscious motivations, biological and
instinctual needs and drives, and psychosexual events that occur during the first
five years of life
Freud's Personality Theory - CORRECT ANSWERS - composed of two
theories: structural (drive) theory and developmental theory
Structural Theory
(Freud) - CORRECT ANSWERS - the personality is composed of three
structures: the id, ego, and superego
Id - CORRECT ANSWERS - present at birth and consists of the person's
life and death instincts
- operates on pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification of its
instinctual drives in order to avoid tension
,Ego - CORRECT ANSWERS - develops at six months of age
- operates ont eh reality principle that defers gratifcation until an appropriate
object is available in reality and employs thinking
- mediates conflicting demands of pleasure and reality
Superego - CORRECT ANSWERS - develops between four and five
years
- represents an internalization of society's values and standards
- attempts to permanently block socially unacceptable drives
Developmental Theory
(Freud) - CORRECT ANSWERS - emphasizes the sexual drives of the id
and proposes that an individual's personality is formed during childhood as a
result of certain experiences during psychosexual stages of development
- over or undergratification of a person's sexual needs during a stage is
associated with different personality outcomes
Oral Stage - CORRECT ANSWERS - Freud's first stage of personality
development, from birth to about age 2, during which the instincts of infants are
focused on the mouth as the primary pleasure center.
Anal Stage - CORRECT ANSWERS - Freud's second stage of
psychosexual development where the primary sexual focus is on the elimination
or holding onto feces. The stage is often thought of as representing a child's
ability to control his or her own world.
Phallic Stage - CORRECT ANSWERS - Freud's third stage of
personality development, from about age 4 through age 7, during which
children obtain gratification primarily from the genitals.
,Latency Stage - CORRECT ANSWERS - Freud's fourth stage of
psychosexual development where sexuality is repressed in the unconscious and
children focus on identifying with their same sex parent and interact with same
sex peers.
Genital Stage - CORRECT ANSWERS - Freud's last stage of personality
development, from the onset of puberty through adulthood, during which the
sexual conflicts of childhood resurface (at puberty) and are often resolved
during adolescence).
Defense Mechanisms - CORRECT ANSWERS - occur when the ego is
unable to ward off danger through rational, realistic means
- these operate on an unconscious level and deny or distort reality
(danger or anxiety helps alert the ego to impending threats, such as conflict
between the id and the superego)
Repression - CORRECT ANSWERS - defense mechanism in which id's
drives are excluded from conscious awareness by maintaining them in the
unconscious
Reaction Formation - CORRECT ANSWERS - defense mechanism in
which one avoids an anxiety evoking instict by doing the opposite
View of Psychopathology
(Freudian) - CORRECT ANSWERS - maladaptive behavior results from
an unconscious, unresolved conflict that occurred during childhood
Psychoanalytic Therapy - CORRECT ANSWERS - goal is to reduce
symptoms by bringing the unconscious into conscious awareness and
integrating previously repressed material into the personality
, - use free associations, dreams, resistances, and transferences to confront,
clarify, interpret, and work through
Free Associations - CORRECT ANSWERS - a method in psychotherapy
where a patient is encouraged to sit back, relax, free his/her mind, refrain from
trying to be logical, and report every image or idea that enters his/her
awareness, usually in response to some word or picture that the therapist
provides as an initial stimulus
Psychic Determinism - CORRECT ANSWERS - belief that all behaviors
are meaningful and serve some psychological function
- ex slips of tongue (parapraxes) are expressions of unconscious motives
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Confrontation - CORRECT ANSWERS - making statements that help
the client see her behavior in a new way
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Clarification - CORRECT ANSWERS - restating the client's remarks and
feelings in clearer terms
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Interpretation - CORRECT ANSWERS - more explicitly connecting
current behavior to unconscious processes
- more effective when they address motives and conflicts that are close to
consciousness
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Working Through - CORRECT ANSWERS - following cathartic release
of recalling unconscious materials that contribute to behavior, client gradually
assimilates new insights into his personality
Study Guide QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Clinical Psychology - CORRECT ANSWERS - the study, diagnosis, and
treatment of psychological and behavioral disorders
Assumptions of Psychodynamic Therapies - CORRECT ANSWERS -
human behavior is motivated by unconscious processes
- early development has a profound effect on adult functioning
- universal principles explain personality development and behavior
- insight into unconscious processes is a key component of therapy
Freudian Psychoanalysis - CORRECT ANSWERS - human beings are
determined by irrational forces, unconscious motivations, biological and
instinctual needs and drives, and psychosexual events that occur during the first
five years of life
Freud's Personality Theory - CORRECT ANSWERS - composed of two
theories: structural (drive) theory and developmental theory
Structural Theory
(Freud) - CORRECT ANSWERS - the personality is composed of three
structures: the id, ego, and superego
Id - CORRECT ANSWERS - present at birth and consists of the person's
life and death instincts
- operates on pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification of its
instinctual drives in order to avoid tension
,Ego - CORRECT ANSWERS - develops at six months of age
- operates ont eh reality principle that defers gratifcation until an appropriate
object is available in reality and employs thinking
- mediates conflicting demands of pleasure and reality
Superego - CORRECT ANSWERS - develops between four and five
years
- represents an internalization of society's values and standards
- attempts to permanently block socially unacceptable drives
Developmental Theory
(Freud) - CORRECT ANSWERS - emphasizes the sexual drives of the id
and proposes that an individual's personality is formed during childhood as a
result of certain experiences during psychosexual stages of development
- over or undergratification of a person's sexual needs during a stage is
associated with different personality outcomes
Oral Stage - CORRECT ANSWERS - Freud's first stage of personality
development, from birth to about age 2, during which the instincts of infants are
focused on the mouth as the primary pleasure center.
Anal Stage - CORRECT ANSWERS - Freud's second stage of
psychosexual development where the primary sexual focus is on the elimination
or holding onto feces. The stage is often thought of as representing a child's
ability to control his or her own world.
Phallic Stage - CORRECT ANSWERS - Freud's third stage of
personality development, from about age 4 through age 7, during which
children obtain gratification primarily from the genitals.
,Latency Stage - CORRECT ANSWERS - Freud's fourth stage of
psychosexual development where sexuality is repressed in the unconscious and
children focus on identifying with their same sex parent and interact with same
sex peers.
Genital Stage - CORRECT ANSWERS - Freud's last stage of personality
development, from the onset of puberty through adulthood, during which the
sexual conflicts of childhood resurface (at puberty) and are often resolved
during adolescence).
Defense Mechanisms - CORRECT ANSWERS - occur when the ego is
unable to ward off danger through rational, realistic means
- these operate on an unconscious level and deny or distort reality
(danger or anxiety helps alert the ego to impending threats, such as conflict
between the id and the superego)
Repression - CORRECT ANSWERS - defense mechanism in which id's
drives are excluded from conscious awareness by maintaining them in the
unconscious
Reaction Formation - CORRECT ANSWERS - defense mechanism in
which one avoids an anxiety evoking instict by doing the opposite
View of Psychopathology
(Freudian) - CORRECT ANSWERS - maladaptive behavior results from
an unconscious, unresolved conflict that occurred during childhood
Psychoanalytic Therapy - CORRECT ANSWERS - goal is to reduce
symptoms by bringing the unconscious into conscious awareness and
integrating previously repressed material into the personality
, - use free associations, dreams, resistances, and transferences to confront,
clarify, interpret, and work through
Free Associations - CORRECT ANSWERS - a method in psychotherapy
where a patient is encouraged to sit back, relax, free his/her mind, refrain from
trying to be logical, and report every image or idea that enters his/her
awareness, usually in response to some word or picture that the therapist
provides as an initial stimulus
Psychic Determinism - CORRECT ANSWERS - belief that all behaviors
are meaningful and serve some psychological function
- ex slips of tongue (parapraxes) are expressions of unconscious motives
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Confrontation - CORRECT ANSWERS - making statements that help
the client see her behavior in a new way
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Clarification - CORRECT ANSWERS - restating the client's remarks and
feelings in clearer terms
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Interpretation - CORRECT ANSWERS - more explicitly connecting
current behavior to unconscious processes
- more effective when they address motives and conflicts that are close to
consciousness
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Working Through - CORRECT ANSWERS - following cathartic release
of recalling unconscious materials that contribute to behavior, client gradually
assimilates new insights into his personality
