1 | Page
MSN 570 Advance Patho Questions
and Answers Latest 2026
MI Ans: Death of myocardium from sudden blockage of
coronary artery blood flow
What causes cell death in MI? Ans: unstable plaque
breaks off, triggering platelet aggregation, coagulation
cascade and thrombus formation. continued no blood
flow in 10 seconds ischemia, 20 minutes cell die
What consequence of cell death leads to CP? Ans:
hypoxia as cannot meet cell demand for oxygen
How is MI diagnosed Ans: EKG (STEMI) or elevated
Troponin (non-STEMI)
What might you find in blood consistent with MI? Ans:
elevated CK MB, Troponin
Where does CK MB and Troponin come from? Ans:
Release of lysosomal enzymes; CK MB detected after
myocardial necrosis, Troponin released from damaged
heart muscle
3 mechanism of cell injury related to reperfussion injury
Ans: ischemia, necrosis, reperfussion l/t RAS
define reperfussion injury Ans: injury that occurs after
oxygen is reintroduced to tissue perfusion
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how does inflammatory process contribute to
reperfussion injury? Ans: as oxygen is reintroduced it
comes in contact with damaged proteins triggering
inflammatory response
how does oxidative process contribute to RI? Ans: RAS
causes impairment of cell membrane and pro-apotptoic
cells release. making cell unstable
what is primary Hypertension? Ans: Essential or
idiopathic, elevated BP without an identified cause,
accounts for 90 - 95% of all cases of hypertension?
what is secondary hypertension? Ans: Elevated BP, labile
BP; related to conditions ie kidney dz; resistant to BP
meds
what is significance of Ventricular hypertrophy and HTN?
Ans: persistent hypertension leads to ventricular
hypertrophy; decrease CO
what comorbidities/conditions does HTN cause? Ans:
stroke, ischemia, heart failure, aneurysm, hemorrhage
what is preload? Ans: volume of blood in ventricles at
end of diastole
what is afterload? Ans: peripheral resistance against
which the left ventricle must pump
hoe does HTN l/t CHF? Ans: overwork left ventricle due
to increase pressure; decreased pumping ability of heart
and decreases CO.
© 2025 All rights reserved
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identify pathological process of gangrene? Ans: form of
coagulative necrosis; interruption of blood flow l/t
denaturing cells enzymes and bacterial invasion
three types of gangrene Ans: dry, wet & gas
what is the major treatment approach for gangrene? Ans:
removing affective tissue to prevent infection; treating
problem that led to gangrene
why use antibiotic for gangrene? Ans: to slow bacterial
damage
What are the two major necrotic processes? Ans:
Coagulative and liquifactive
What is coagulative necrosis? Ans: necrosis caused y
interruption of blood flow l/t desrease Ph, and bacterial
growth
what is liquifactive necrosis? Ans: Caustic enzymes
dissolve and liquify necrotic cell; cottage cheese like
appearance.
Describe dry gangrene Ans: hypoxia l/t ischemia l/t last
of blood flow l/t coagulative necrosis
Describe wet gangrene Ans: extensive damage from
bacteria with WBC's that have invaided site produces a
liquid wound
© 2025 All rights reserved
MSN 570 Advance Patho Questions
and Answers Latest 2026
MI Ans: Death of myocardium from sudden blockage of
coronary artery blood flow
What causes cell death in MI? Ans: unstable plaque
breaks off, triggering platelet aggregation, coagulation
cascade and thrombus formation. continued no blood
flow in 10 seconds ischemia, 20 minutes cell die
What consequence of cell death leads to CP? Ans:
hypoxia as cannot meet cell demand for oxygen
How is MI diagnosed Ans: EKG (STEMI) or elevated
Troponin (non-STEMI)
What might you find in blood consistent with MI? Ans:
elevated CK MB, Troponin
Where does CK MB and Troponin come from? Ans:
Release of lysosomal enzymes; CK MB detected after
myocardial necrosis, Troponin released from damaged
heart muscle
3 mechanism of cell injury related to reperfussion injury
Ans: ischemia, necrosis, reperfussion l/t RAS
define reperfussion injury Ans: injury that occurs after
oxygen is reintroduced to tissue perfusion
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 2 | Page
how does inflammatory process contribute to
reperfussion injury? Ans: as oxygen is reintroduced it
comes in contact with damaged proteins triggering
inflammatory response
how does oxidative process contribute to RI? Ans: RAS
causes impairment of cell membrane and pro-apotptoic
cells release. making cell unstable
what is primary Hypertension? Ans: Essential or
idiopathic, elevated BP without an identified cause,
accounts for 90 - 95% of all cases of hypertension?
what is secondary hypertension? Ans: Elevated BP, labile
BP; related to conditions ie kidney dz; resistant to BP
meds
what is significance of Ventricular hypertrophy and HTN?
Ans: persistent hypertension leads to ventricular
hypertrophy; decrease CO
what comorbidities/conditions does HTN cause? Ans:
stroke, ischemia, heart failure, aneurysm, hemorrhage
what is preload? Ans: volume of blood in ventricles at
end of diastole
what is afterload? Ans: peripheral resistance against
which the left ventricle must pump
hoe does HTN l/t CHF? Ans: overwork left ventricle due
to increase pressure; decreased pumping ability of heart
and decreases CO.
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 3 | Page
identify pathological process of gangrene? Ans: form of
coagulative necrosis; interruption of blood flow l/t
denaturing cells enzymes and bacterial invasion
three types of gangrene Ans: dry, wet & gas
what is the major treatment approach for gangrene? Ans:
removing affective tissue to prevent infection; treating
problem that led to gangrene
why use antibiotic for gangrene? Ans: to slow bacterial
damage
What are the two major necrotic processes? Ans:
Coagulative and liquifactive
What is coagulative necrosis? Ans: necrosis caused y
interruption of blood flow l/t desrease Ph, and bacterial
growth
what is liquifactive necrosis? Ans: Caustic enzymes
dissolve and liquify necrotic cell; cottage cheese like
appearance.
Describe dry gangrene Ans: hypoxia l/t ischemia l/t last
of blood flow l/t coagulative necrosis
Describe wet gangrene Ans: extensive damage from
bacteria with WBC's that have invaided site produces a
liquid wound
© 2025 All rights reserved
