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, 1. Cellular Biology
2. Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology
3. The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases
4. Genes and Genetic Diseases
5. Epigenetics and Disease
6. Genes, Environment–Lifestyle, and Common Diseases
7. Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing
8. Adaptive Immunity
9. Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation
10. Infection
11. Stress and Disease
12. Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer
13. Alterations in Oxygen Transport
14. Alterations in Hemostasis and Coagulation
15. Alterations in White Blood Cell Function
16. Alterations in Cardiovascular Function
17. Shock, Sepsis, and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
18. Alterations of Pulmonary Function
19. Alterations of Hormonal Regulation
20. Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children
21. Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children
22. Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children
23. Structure and Function of the Neurologic System
24. Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function
25. Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function
26. Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction
27. Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children
28. Structure and Function of the Endocrine System
29. Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation
30. Alterations of Endocrine Function
31. Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function
32. Alterations of Digestive Function
33. Alterations of Liver and Biliary Function
34. Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function
35. Alterations of Reproductive Function




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, Chapter 1. Cellular Biology l8 l8 l8




MULTIPLE CHOICE l8




1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled
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DNA with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
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a. A single circular chromosome
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b. A nucleus l8




c. Free-floating nuclear material l8 l8




d. No organelles l8




ANS: B l8




The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its nucle
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us; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome is characteristic of proka
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ryotic cells, which do not have histones. Free-
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floating nuclear material describes a prokaryotic cell, which would not have a distinct nucleus.
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Eukaryotic cells have membrane- l8 l8 l8


bound cellular components called organelles. No organelles describe a prokaryotic cell.
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2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is
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the nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform
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nutrients to energy? l8 l8




a. Metabolic absorption l8




b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration

ANS: D l8




The ability of the cell to absorb oxygen refers to the cells function of respiration. The ability of
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8the cell to function within a society of cells refers to its function of communication. The ability
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8of the cell to take in nutrients refers to the cells function of metabolic absorption.The ability o
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f the cell to synthesize new substances and secrete these elsewhere refers to the cells function
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of secretion.
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, 3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would
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most of the genetic information be contained?
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a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus

ANS: C l8




The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic aci
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d, most of the DNA, and DNA-
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binding proteins, is the nucleolus. The mitochondria is the site of cellular respiration. The riboso
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mes are involved in the manufacturing of proteins within the cell. The nucleus contains the nucl
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eolus, and it is the nucleolus that contains genetic material.
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4. The fluid- l8


mosaic model for biologic membranes describes membrane behavior. According to thi
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s model, which of the following float singly or as aggregates in the fluid lipid bilayer?
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a. Peripheral membrane proteins l8 l8




b. Integral membrane proteins l8 l8




c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules l8 l8




ANS: B l8




Integral membrane proteins float freely in the fluid lipid bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins a
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re not embedded in the layer, but reside at the surface. Glycoproteins act as cell surface markers
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. Cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane and allow cells to hook together.
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