© 2023 Pearson Education, Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserve
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
d.
, Instructor’s Solution Manual cn cn
Artificial Intelligence cn cn
A Modern Approach cn cn
Fourth Edition cn
Stuart J. Russell and Peter Norvig cn cn cn cn cn
with contributions from
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Nalin Chhibber, Ernest Davis, Nicholas J. Hay, Jared Moore, Alex Rudnick, Mehra
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
n Sahami, Xiaocheng Mesut Yang, and Albert Yu
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This solution manual is intended for the instructor of a class. Students should use the online
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site for exercises at aimacode.github.io/aima-
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exercises. That site is open for anyone to use. It offers solutions for some but not all of th
c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
e exercises; an instructor can check there to see which ones have solutions. The exercises ar
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e online rather than in the textbook itself because (a) the textbook is long enough as is, and
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(b) we wanted to be able to update the exercises frequently.
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Copyright © 2022 cn cn
© 2023 Pearson Education, Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserve
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
d.
,EXERCISES c n cn
1
INTRODUCTION
Note that for many of the questions in this chapter, we give references where answers can be f
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ound rather than writing them out—the full answers would be far too long.
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1.1 What Is AI?
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Exercise 1.1.#DEFA cn
Define in your own words: (a) intelligence, (b) artificial intelligence, (c) agent, (d) ra-
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tionality, (e) logical reasoning.
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a. Dictionary definitions of intelligence talk about “the capacity to acquire and apply kn
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owledge” or “the faculty of thought and reason” or “the ability to comprehend and pr
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
ofit from experience.” These are all reasonable answers, but if we want something q
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uantifiable we would use something like “the ability to act successfully across a wide r
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ange of objectives in complex environments.”
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b. We define artificial intelligence as the study and construction of agent programs that
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perform well in a given class of environments, for a given agent architecture; they do
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the right thing. An important part of that is dealing with the uncertainty of what the
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current state is, what the outcome of possible actions might be, and what is it that we
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really desire. cn
c. We define an agent as an entity that takes action in response to percepts from an envi-
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ronment.
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d. We define rationality as the property of a system which does the “right thing” given
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what it knows. See Section 2.2 for a more complete discussion. The basic concept is
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perfect rationality; Section ?? describes the impossibility of achieving perfect rational-
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ity and proposes an alternative definition.
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e. We define logical reasoning as the a process of deriving new sentences from old, such t
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hat the new sentences are necessarily true if the old ones are true. (Notice that does not re
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fer to any specific syntax or formal language, but it does require a well-
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defined notion of truth.) cn cn cn
Exercise 1.1.#TURI cn
Read Turing’s original paper on AI (Turing, 1950). In the paper, he discusses several obj
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn c n cn cn cn cn cn cn
ections to his proposed enterprise and his test for intelligence. Which objections still carry
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
© 2023 Pearson Education, Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserve
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
d.
,
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
d.
, Instructor’s Solution Manual cn cn
Artificial Intelligence cn cn
A Modern Approach cn cn
Fourth Edition cn
Stuart J. Russell and Peter Norvig cn cn cn cn cn
with contributions from
cn cn
Nalin Chhibber, Ernest Davis, Nicholas J. Hay, Jared Moore, Alex Rudnick, Mehra
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
n Sahami, Xiaocheng Mesut Yang, and Albert Yu
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
This solution manual is intended for the instructor of a class. Students should use the online
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
site for exercises at aimacode.github.io/aima-
cn cn cn cn
exercises. That site is open for anyone to use. It offers solutions for some but not all of th
c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
e exercises; an instructor can check there to see which ones have solutions. The exercises ar
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn c n cn cn
e online rather than in the textbook itself because (a) the textbook is long enough as is, and
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
(b) we wanted to be able to update the exercises frequently.
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
Copyright © 2022 cn cn
© 2023 Pearson Education, Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserve
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
d.
,EXERCISES c n cn
1
INTRODUCTION
Note that for many of the questions in this chapter, we give references where answers can be f
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
ound rather than writing them out—the full answers would be far too long.
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
1.1 What Is AI?
c n cn cn
Exercise 1.1.#DEFA cn
Define in your own words: (a) intelligence, (b) artificial intelligence, (c) agent, (d) ra-
cn cn cn cn c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
tionality, (e) logical reasoning.
cn cn cn cn
a. Dictionary definitions of intelligence talk about “the capacity to acquire and apply kn
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
owledge” or “the faculty of thought and reason” or “the ability to comprehend and pr
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
ofit from experience.” These are all reasonable answers, but if we want something q
cn cn c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
uantifiable we would use something like “the ability to act successfully across a wide r
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
ange of objectives in complex environments.”
cn cn cn cn cn
b. We define artificial intelligence as the study and construction of agent programs that
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
perform well in a given class of environments, for a given agent architecture; they do
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
the right thing. An important part of that is dealing with the uncertainty of what the
cn cn cn c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
current state is, what the outcome of possible actions might be, and what is it that we
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
really desire. cn
c. We define an agent as an entity that takes action in response to percepts from an envi-
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
ronment.
cn
d. We define rationality as the property of a system which does the “right thing” given
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
what it knows. See Section 2.2 for a more complete discussion. The basic concept is
cn cn c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn c n cn cn cn
perfect rationality; Section ?? describes the impossibility of achieving perfect rational-
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
ity and proposes an alternative definition.
cn cn cn cn cn cn
e. We define logical reasoning as the a process of deriving new sentences from old, such t
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
hat the new sentences are necessarily true if the old ones are true. (Notice that does not re
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
fer to any specific syntax or formal language, but it does require a well-
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
defined notion of truth.) cn cn cn
Exercise 1.1.#TURI cn
Read Turing’s original paper on AI (Turing, 1950). In the paper, he discusses several obj
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn c n cn cn cn cn cn cn
ections to his proposed enterprise and his test for intelligence. Which objections still carry
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
© 2023 Pearson Education, Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserve
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
d.
,
